In this study, an orthogonal array experiment is conducted by using a transparent fracture network replica. Image processing and theoretical analysis are performed to investigate the model sealing efficiency (SE), factors influencing SE, and the effect of flowing water on propagation. The results show that grout propagation can be classified into three patterns in the fracture network: sealing off, partial sealing, and major erosion. The factors controlling the SE in a descending order of the amount of influence are the initial water flow speed, fracture aperture, grout take, and gel time. An optimal value for the combination of the gel time and grout take (artificial factors) can result in a good SE. The grouting and seepage pressures are measured, and the results reveal that their variations can indicate the SE to some extent. The SE is good when the seepage pressure at each point increases overall; the frequent fluctuations in the seepage pressure indicate a moderately poor SE, and an overall decline in the seepage pressure indicates a major erosion type. The deflection effect of grouting shows an approximately elliptical propagation with the long axis expanding along the wider fracture opening, demonstrating further application in grouting design.

在本研究中，利用透明裂缝网络复制品进行正交阵列实验。通过图像处理和理论分析来研究模型密封效率（SE）、影响SE的因素以及流水对传播的影响。结果表明，裂缝网络中浆液的扩展可分为封闭、部分封闭和严重侵蚀三种模式。控制SE的因素按影响量的降序排列是初始水流速度、裂缝孔径、灌浆量和凝胶时间。凝胶时间和灌浆量（人为因素）组合的最佳值可以产生良好的 SE。测量了注浆压力和渗流压力，结果表明它们的变化可以在一定程度上指示SE。当各点渗流压力总体增大时，SE 良好；渗流压力频繁波动表明 SE 较差，渗流压力总体下降表明侵蚀类型较重。注浆的偏转效应表现出近似椭圆形的传播，长轴沿着更宽的裂缝开口扩展，展示了在注浆设计中的进一步应用。