This article surveys the mining permitting process and discusses the process to obtain permits for the exploration and mining of metals in five industrialised countries: Sweden, Finland, Poland, Western Australia (Australia) and Ontario (Canada). The purpose is to provide an overview of the permitting process when the demand for metals may grow at a faster pace than ever before. The countries have been chosen for their well-developed mining industries while still representing different historical and legal backgrounds and traditions. Focus lies on three aspects of the permitting process: Mining policy, legislation and permits; Environmental legislation and permits and; Stakeholder influence/participation including appeals. We describe the present situation in all countries in detail. The mining policy and legislation in the countries studied are converging and the mining laws are becoming increasingly similar. Legislation is being revised at shorter intervals, and minor additions and amendments can be made in between completely new legislation. In all the five countries emphasis is placed on ensuring that the permitting process is transparent and open from the first exploration steps to the closure of a depleted mine. Governments are developing new policies, legislation, regulations and permitting processes to ensure that the growing demand can be met while at the same time the increasing demands by various stakeholders on land use, environmental and social developments can increasingly be included in the permitting process.

本文调查了采矿许可流程，并讨论了在五个工业化国家获得金属勘探和采矿许可证的流程：瑞典、芬兰、波兰、西澳大利亚州（澳大利亚）和安大略省（加拿大）。目的是概述当金属需求可能以前所未有的速度增长时的许可流程。这些国家因其发达的采矿业而被选中，同时仍然代表着不同的历史和法律背景和传统。重点在于许可程序的三个方面：采矿政策、立法和许可；环境立法和许可；利益相关者的影响/参与，包括上诉。我们详细描述了所有国家的现状。所研究国家的采矿政策和立法正在趋同，采矿法也越来越相似。立法正在以较短的间隔进行修订，并且可以在全新立法之间进行较小的添加和修改。这五个国家都强调确保从最初的勘探步骤到关闭枯竭矿山的许可程序是透明和公开的。各国政府正在制定新的政策、立法、法规和许可程序，以确保满足不断增长的需求，同时各种利益相关者对土地使用、环境和社会发展的日益增加的需求可以越来越多地纳入许可程序。立法正在以较短的间隔进行修订，并且可以在全新立法之间进行较小的添加和修改。这五个国家都强调确保从最初的勘探步骤到关闭枯竭矿山的许可程序是透明和公开的。各国政府正在制定新的政策、立法、法规和许可程序，以确保满足不断增长的需求，同时各种利益相关者对土地使用、环境和社会发展的日益增加的需求可以越来越多地纳入许可程序。立法正在以较短的间隔进行修订，并且可以在全新立法之间进行较小的添加和修改。这五个国家都强调确保从最初的勘探步骤到关闭枯竭矿山的许可程序是透明和公开的。各国政府正在制定新的政策、立法、法规和许可程序，以确保满足不断增长的需求，同时各种利益相关者对土地使用、环境和社会发展的日益增加的需求可以越来越多地纳入许可程序。这五个国家都强调确保从最初的勘探步骤到关闭枯竭矿山的许可程序是透明和公开的。各国政府正在制定新的政策、立法、法规和许可程序，以确保满足不断增长的需求，同时各种利益相关者对土地使用、环境和社会发展的日益增加的需求可以越来越多地纳入许可程序。这五个国家都强调确保从最初的勘探步骤到关闭枯竭矿山的许可过程是透明和公开的。各国政府正在制定新的政策、立法、法规和许可程序，以确保满足不断增长的需求，同时各种利益相关者对土地使用、环境和社会发展的日益增加的需求可以越来越多地纳入许可程序。