This study first summarized a piezoelectric excitation source arrangement guideline for sandwich annular traveling wave transducers, which can excite ideal traveling waves for driving while ensuring consistent circumferential stiffness of the annular transducer. Consequently, a general structural design method was proposed for annular sandwich traveling wave piezoelectric transducers operating with out-of-plane traveling waves based on the above-mentioned arrangement guideline. Moreover, to study the vibration characteristics of the designed transducer based on the proposed method, an electromechanical coupled dynamics model was developed using the dynamic substructure method combined with the Lagrange equation. This model is universal and has guiding significance for the design and optimization of the same type of annular traveling wave piezoelectric transducers. Thereafter, the feasibility of the transducer structure design method and the correctness of the developed dynamics model were verified through appropriate vibration measurement experiments on the transducer prototype. The measured ideal mode shape and regular elliptical motion verified the feasibility of the transducer design method, and the comparison between the vibration measurement and theoretical model calculation results confirmed the correctness of the developed dynamic model. Finally, an application study of the proposed built-in sandwich traveling wave transducer was conducted to investigate its driving characteristics. The proposed transducer was used to drive a rotor to build a traveling wave piezoelectric motor. In addition, output performance experiments of the motor prototype were conducted. The experimental results indicated that under the driving conditions of 300 N pre-pressure, 500 Vpp voltage, and 19 kHz exciting frequency, the no-load speed of the motor was 19.04 RPM, its stall torque was 1.2 N·m, the maximum output power of the entire machine reached 0.6453 W, and its maximum output efficiency was 15.87%. Moreover, the normal operation of the rotating motor further verified the feasibility of the transducer structure design approach and the reliability of the drive application. The structural design method and the corresponding dynamic model proposed in this study are expected to have important guiding significance for the design and optimization of sandwich-type annular traveling wave transducers. Furthermore, the application investigation in this study provides a typical example for the traveling wave transducer.

本研究首先总结了夹层环形行波换能器的压电激励源布置指南，该指南可以激发理想的行波用于驱动，同时确保环形换能器的周向刚度一致。因此，基于上述布置指南，提出了一种用于平面外行波工作的环形夹层行波压电换能器的通用结构设计方法。此外，为了研究基于所提出方法设计的换能器的振动特性，使用动态子结构方法结合拉格朗日方程开发了机电耦合动力学模型。该模型具有普适性，对同类型环形行波压电换能器的设计和优化具有指导意义。随后，通过对换能器样机进行适当的振动测量实验，验证了换能器结构设计方法的可行性和所建立的动力学模型的正确性。实测的理想振型和规则的椭圆运动验证了换能器设计方法的可行性，振动测量结果与理论模型计算结果的对比证实了所开发动态模型的正确性。最后，对所提出的内置夹层行波换能器进行了应用研究，以研究其驱动特性。所提出的换能器用于驱动转子以构建行波压电电机。此外，还进行了电机样机的输出性能实验。实验结果表明，在预压300 N、电压500 Vpp、励磁频率19 kHz的驱动条件下，电机空载转速为19.04 RPM，堵转转矩为1.2 N·m，最大输出功率整机功率达到0.6453W，最大输出效率15.87%。此外，旋转电机的正常运行进一步验证了换能器结构设计方法的可行性和驱动应用的可靠性。本研究提出的结构设计方法和相应的动力学模型有望对夹层式环形行波换能器的设计和优化具有重要的指导意义。此外，本研究中的应用调查为行波换能器提供了一个典型的例子。