The study of flood dynamics is generally complicated because it requires a lot of expensive sensors that might be inoperative when submerged during a flood event. Physical models can be helpful in order to get extra information on flood dynamics, but they are expensive in material, space occupation, and human investment (intervention, maintenance, assistance). The objective of this work is a feasibility study on the possibility of using a small 3D printed model to make hydraulic studies. For this we focus on the reproduction of a complex phenomenon which is the loop rating curve (LRC). In natural rivers or large channels, rating curve is a relation between stage and discharge. Under unsteady flow condition, rating curve may present a hysteresis behavior reflected by a more or less pronounced loop. LRC was historically observed on natural rivers or at large laboratory channels. This study is the first investigation of LRC on a small 3D printed laboratory channel. We measure stage and discharge at the channel outlet and we obtain rating curves as a response to an unsteady discharge hydrograph imposed at the channel inlet. We tested 11 scenarios corresponding to different flow conditions where we varied the following parameters: section control (freefall or weir), channel slope (flat = 0.1% or sharp = 10%), time step of the discharge hydrograph (5 s or 10 s). Our experimental results with a small 3D printed channel are in accordance with experimental observations on large channels or natural rivers, and our experimental rating curves are very well simulated by Jones formula that is classically used on large channels or rivers. These promising results allow the use of 3D printing technique to make small-scale hydraulic models. A further study of the rating curve, but also of other hydraulic characteristics can be considered on more complex geometries and more varied scenarios while paying attention to the scaling (which was not the case in this study). As real scenarios might be considered, this might be of interest from both a pedagogical and an application point of view with a reduced human, material and space occupation cost.

洪水动力学的研究通常很复杂，因为它需要大量昂贵的传感器，而这些传感器在洪水事件期间被淹没时可能无法工作。物理模型有助于获得有关洪水动态的额外信息，但它们在材料、空间占用和人力投资（干预、维护、援助）方面都很昂贵。这项工作的目的是对使用小型 3D 打印模型进行水力研究的可能性进行可行性研究。为此，我们重点关注循环额定曲线（LRC）这一复杂现象的再现。在天然河流或大型河道中，额定曲线是水位与流量之间的关系。在非定常流动条件下，额定曲线可能会出现滞后现象由或多或少明显的循环反映的行为。历史上，LRC 是在天然河流或大型实验室渠道中观察到的。这项研究是 LRC 在小型 3D 打印实验室通道上的首次研究。我们测量渠道出口处的水位和流量，并获得额定曲线作为对渠道入口处施加的不稳定流量过程线的响应。我们测试了对应于不同水流条件的 11 种场景，其中改变了以下参数：断面控制（自由落体或堰）、河道坡度（平坦 = 0.1% 或尖锐 = 10%）、流量过程线的时间步长（5 秒或 10 秒） ）。我们对小型 3D 打印渠道的实验结果与对大型渠道或天然河流的实验观察结果一致，我们的实验评级曲线通过经典用于大型渠道或河流的琼斯公式很好地模拟。这些有希望的结果允许使用 3D 打印技术来制作小型水力模型。可以在更复杂的几何形状和更多变化的场景中考虑对额定曲线以及其他水力特性的进一步研究，同时注意比例（本研究中不是这种情况）。由于可以考虑真实场景，因此从教学和应用的角度来看，这可能都是有意义的，并且可以减少人力、物力和空间占用成本。但也可以在更复杂的几何形状和更多样化的场景中考虑其他水力特性，同时注意比例（本研究中不是这种情况）。由于可以考虑真实场景，因此从教学和应用的角度来看，这可能都是有意义的，并且可以减少人力、物力和空间占用成本。但也可以在更复杂的几何形状和更多样化的场景中考虑其他水力特性，同时注意比例（本研究中不是这种情况）。由于可以考虑真实场景，因此从教学和应用的角度来看，这可能都是有意义的，并且可以减少人力、物力和空间占用成本。