This article presents the ENglish Reading Online (ENRO) project that offers data on English reading and listening comprehension from 7,338 university-level advanced learners and native speakers of English representing 19 countries. The database also includes estimates of reading rate and seven component skills of English, including vocabulary, spelling, and grammar, as well as rich demographic and language background data. We first demonstrate high reliability for ENRO tests and their convergent validity with existing meta-analyses. We then provide a bird's-eye view of first (L1) and second (L2) language comparisons and examine the relative role of various predictors of reading and listening comprehension and reading speed. Across analyses, we found substantially more overlap than differences between L1 and L2 speakers, suggesting that English reading proficiency is best considered across a continuum of skill, ability, and experiences spanning L1 and L2 speakers alike. We end by providing pointers for how researchers can mine ENRO data for future studies.

中文翻译：

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重新思考第一语言与第二语言在英语水平方面的异同：来自英语在线阅读 (ENRO) 项目的见解

本文介绍了英语在线阅读 (ENRO) 项目，该项目提供来自 19 个国家/地区的 7,338 名大学水平高级学习者和英语母语人士的英语阅读和听力理解数据。该数据库还包括阅读率和英语七项组成技能的估计，包括词汇、拼写和语法，以及丰富的人口和语言背景数据。我们首先证明 ENRO 测试的高可靠性及其与现有荟萃分析的收敛有效性。然后，我们提供第一语言 (L1) 和第二语言 (L2) 比较的鸟瞰图，并检查阅读和听力理解以及阅读速度的各种预测因素的相对作用。通过分析，我们发现 L1 和 L2 使用者之间的重叠多于差异，这表明英语阅读能力最好考虑跨越 L1 和 L2 使用者的技能、能力和经验的连续体。最后，我们为研究人员如何挖掘 ENRO 数据以用于未来的研究提供指导。