Resting metabolic rate (RMR) is a significant contributor to an individual’s total energy expenditure. As such, RMR plays an important role in body weight regulation across populations ranging from inactive individuals to athletes. In addition, RMR may also be used to screen for low energy availability and energy deficiency in athletes, and thus may be useful in identifying individuals at risk for the deleterious consequences of chronic energy deficiency. Given its importance in both clinical and research settings within the fields of exercise physiology, dietetics, and sports medicine, the valid assessment of RMR is critical. However, factors including varying states of energy balance (both short- and long-term energy deficit or surplus), energy availability, and prior food intake or exercise may influence resulting RMR measures, potentially introducing error into observed values. The purpose of this review is to summarize the relationships between short- and long-term changes in energetic status and resulting RMR measures, consider these findings in the context of relevant recommendations for RMR assessment, and provide suggestions for future research.

静息代谢率 (RMR) 是个人总能量消耗的重要因素。因此，RMR 在从不活跃的个体到运动员等人群的体重调节中发挥着重要作用。此外，RMR 还可用于筛查运动员的低能量可用性和能量缺乏，因此可用于识别处于慢性能量缺乏有害后果风险中的个体。鉴于其在运动生理学、营养学和运动医学领域的临床和研究环境中的重要性，RMR 的有效评估至关重要。然而，不同的能量平衡状态（短期和长期能量赤字或过剩）、能量可用性以及之前的食物摄入或锻炼等因素可能会影响 RMR 测量结果，从而可能会给观测值带来误差。本综述的目的是总结能量状态的短期和长期变化与由此产生的 RMR 测量之间的关系，在 RMR 评估相关建议的背景下考虑这些发现，并为未来的研究提供建议。