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Discriminating dietary behaviour between wild and domestic goats using dental microwear texture: first results from a modern reference set and early Neolithic goat exploitation in the southern Levant
Journal of Archaeological Science ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2023.105779
Jimenez-Manchon Sergio, Lionel Gourichon, Juan Muñiz, Juan José Ibáñez

Current evidence supports the idea that animal domestication occurred in multiple loci and at different time periods throughout the Near East rather than according to a single origin. In this scenario, the southern Levant is being increasingly considered as another presumed primary centre of goat domestication, alongside eastern Anatolia and the Zagros. Assessing the status (i.e. wild or domestic) of this animal in this region, however, is hampered by the difficulty of morphologically distinguishing domestic goats from their wild relatives. Diet reconstruction is a powerful approach to address this issue since the feeding of managed animals is partially controlled by their owners, unlike free-ranging wild populations. For the first time, we propose to contribute to this question through dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) using confocal microscopy.

Characterising how the dietary behaviour of extant wild and domestic goats is reflected in DMTA is critical. For this purpose, we constructed a reference collection composed of three wild goat species (19 Capra pyrenaica from the southern Iberian Peninsula, 12 Capra ibex from the Alps and 12 Capra nubiana from the Near East) and 15 domestic goats (Capra hircus) reared in an extensive system in Mediterranean scrubland areas.

The preliminary results indicate that DMTA allows discrimination of the groups of extant goats. The results obtained were used to characterise the palaeodiet of 16 goats (Capra format aegagrus) from two key Early and Middle Pre-Pottery Neolithic B sites in the southern Levant: Kharaysin (Zarqa, Jordan, ca. 8800-7500 cal BC) and Qarassa (As-Suweyda, Syria, 8700-8200 cal BCE). The higher variability in archaeological goats could be an indicator of controlled feedings. It could also support the hypothesis about diverse and experimental management systems at the first steps of animal domestication.

This paper shows the potential of this tool to address the process of early animal domestication. Following this initial work, the reference collection will include a broader spectrum of livestock management strategies and the archaeological corpus will be expanded through new samples during upcoming excavations and the integration of additional sites.



中文翻译:

使用牙齿微磨损纹理区分野生和家养山羊的饮食行为:现代参考集和黎凡特南部新石器时代早期山羊开发的第一个结果

目前的证据支持这样一种观点,即动物驯化发生在整个近东的多个地点和不同时期,而不是根据单一起源。在这种情况下,黎凡特南部越来越多地被视为与安纳托利亚东部和扎格罗斯一起被认为是山羊驯化的另一个主要中心。然而,在该地区评估这种动物的状态(即野生或家养)受到难以从形态上区分家养山羊和它们的野生近缘种的阻碍。饮食重建是解决这个问题的有力方法,因为与自由放养的野生种群不同,管理动物的喂养部分由其主人控制。首次,

描述现存野生和家养山羊的饮食行为如何反映在 DMTA 中至关重要。为此,我们构建了一个由三种野山羊(19 只来自伊比利亚半岛南部的Capra pyrenaica 12 只来自阿尔卑斯山的Capra ibex和 12 只来自近东的Capra nubiana )和 15 只家养山羊( Capra hircus)组成的参考集合。地中海灌木丛地区的一个广泛的系统。

初步结果表明,DMTA 允许区分现存山羊的群体。所获得的结果被用于描述 16 只山羊( Capra format aegagrus )的古饮食特征,这些山羊来自黎凡特南部两个关键的早期和中期陶器前新石器时代 B 遗址:Kharaysin(Zarqa,约旦,约公元前8800-7500 年)和 Qarassa (As-Suweyda,叙利亚,公元前 8700-8200 年)。考古山羊的较高变异性可能是控制喂养的一个指标。它还可以支持关于动物驯化第一步的多样化和实验性管理系统的假设。

本文展示了该工具解决早期动物驯化过程的潜力。在这项初步工作之后,参考资料集将包括范围更广的牲畜管理策略,考古语料库将在即将进行的挖掘和其他地点的整合中通过新样本进行扩展。

更新日期:2023-05-09
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