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Racialization and Reproduction: Asian Immigrants and California’s Twentieth-Century Eugenic Sterilization Program
Social Forces ( IF 5.866 ) Pub Date : 2023-05-01 , DOI: 10.1093/sf/soad060
Marie Kaniecki 1 , Nicole L Novak 2 , Sarah Gao 3 , Natalie Lira 4 , Toni Ann Treviño 5 , Kate O'Connor 3 , Alexandra Minna Stern 1
Affiliation  

During the twentieth century, state health authorities in California recommended sterilization for over 20,000 individuals held in state institutions. Asian immigrants occupied a marginalized position in racial, gender, and class hierarchies in California at the height of its eugenic sterilization program. Scholars have documented the disproportionate sterilization of other racialized groups, but little research exists connecting the racist, gendered implementation of Asian immigration restriction to the racism and sexism inherent in eugenics. This study examines patterns of coercive sterilization in Asian immigrants in California, hypothesizing higher institutionalization and sterilization rates among Asian-born compared with other foreign- and US-born individuals. We used complete count census microdata from 1910 to 1940 and digitized sterilization recommendation forms from 1920 to 1945 to model relative institutionalization and sterilization rates of Asian-born, other foreign-born, and US-born populations, stratified by gender. Other foreign-born men and women had the highest institutionalization rates in all four census years. Sterilization rates were higher for Asian-born women compared with US-born [Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.61, 2.48)] and other foreign-born women (p < 0.001) across the entire study period. Sterilization rates for Asian-born men were not significantly higher than those of US-born men [IRR 0.95 (95% CI 0.83, 1.10). However, an inflection point model incorporating the year of sterilization found higher sterilization rates for Asian-born men than for US-born men prior to 1933 [IRR 1.31 (95% CI 1.09, 1.59)]. This original quantitative analysis contributes to the literature demonstrating the health impact of discrimination on Asian-Americans and the disproportionate sterilization of racial minorities under state eugenics programs.

中文翻译:

种族化与生育:亚洲移民与加州二十世纪优生绝育计划

二十世纪期间,加利福尼亚州卫生当局建议对州立机构中关押的 20,000 多人进行绝育。在加州优生绝育计划的鼎盛时期,亚洲移民在种族、性别和阶级等级中处于边缘地位。学者们已经记录了对其他种族群体的不成比例的绝育,但很少有研究将亚洲移民限制的种族主义、性别歧视与优生学固有的种族主义和性别歧视联系起来。这项研究调查了加利福尼亚州亚洲移民的强制绝育模式,假设与其他外国和美国出生的人相比,亚洲出生的人的收容和绝育率更高。我们使用 1910 年至 1940 年的完整人口普查微观数据和 1920 年至 1945 年的数字化绝育建议表来模拟按性别分层的亚洲出生、其他外国出生和美国出生人口的相对制度化和绝育率。其他外国出生的男性和女性在所有四个人口普查年中的住院率最高。在整个研究期间,与美国出生的女性相比,亚洲出生的女性的绝育率较高[发生率比 (IRR) = 2.00 (95% CI: 1.61, 2.48)] 和其他外国出生的女性 (p < 0.001) 。亚洲出生男性的绝育率并不显着高于美国出生男性 [IRR 0.95 (95% CI 0.83, 1.10)。然而,纳入绝育年份的拐点模型发现,1933 年之前,亚洲出生的男性的绝育率高于美国出生的男性 [IRR 1.31 (95% CI 1.09, 1.59)]。这一原创的定量分析有助于文献证明歧视对亚裔美国人的健康影响以及国家优生计划对少数族裔的不成比例的绝育。
更新日期:2023-05-01
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