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When More Is Not Better: Effects of Interim Testing and Feature Highlighting in Natural Category Learning
Educational Psychology Review ( IF 10.1 ) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 , DOI: 10.1007/s10648-023-09772-y
Yewon Kang , Hyorim Ha , Hee Seung Lee

Natural category learning is important in science education. One strategy that has been empirically supported for enhancing category learning is testing, which facilitates not only the learning of previously studied information (backward testing effect) but also the learning of newly studied information (forward testing effect). However, in category learning, such benefits of testing have mostly been examined without explicit instructions. This is not aligned with a real educational practice where teachers often provide students with explicit instructions that highlight the diagnostic features of the category. Thus, we investigated the effect of interim testing and feature highlighting on rock category learning and whether the provision of feature highlighting further enhances testing benefits. The participants learned 12 rock categories, which were divided into two sections (Sections A and B). They studied a series of rock images with or without feature highlighting and were given an interim test or not on Section A before proceeding to Section B. After Section B, all the participants took a final test in which they had to classify both old and new rock images of the studied categories. Three experiments demonstrated the benefits of interim testing (compared to restudy) for both previously and newly studied categories. However, feature highlighting did not further enhance learning and sometimes even impeded learning. The findings suggest that providing more information is not always better than providing less information in natural category learning.



中文翻译:

当更多不是更好时:临时测试和特征突出显示在自然类别学习中的效果

自然类别学习在科学教育中很重要。实验支持的一种增强类别学习的策略是测试,它不仅有助于学习以前学习的信息(后向测试效果),而且有助于学习新学习的信息(前向测试效果)。然而,在类别学习中,测试的这些好处大多在没有明确指示的情况下得到检验。这与真实的教育实践不一致,在真实的教育实践中,教师经常向学生提供明确的说明,以突出该类别的诊断特征。因此,我们调查了临时测试和特征突出显示对岩石类别学习的影响,以及特征突出显示的提供是否进一步提高了测试收益。参与者学习了 12 个摇滚类别,分为两部分(A 部分和 B 部分)。他们研究了一系列带或不带特征突出显示的岩石图像,并在进入 B 部分之前在 A 部分进行了临时测试或不进行。在 B 部分之后,所有参与者都进行了最终测试,他们必须对新旧进行分类所研究类别的岩石图像。三个实验证明了临时测试(与重新研究相比)对以前和新研究的类别的好处。然而,特征突出显示并没有进一步增强学习,有时甚至阻碍了学习。研究结果表明,在自然类别学习中提供更多信息并不总是比提供更少信息更好。他们研究了一系列带或不带特征突出显示的岩石图像,并在进入 B 部分之前在 A 部分进行了临时测试或不进行。在 B 部分之后,所有参与者都进行了最终测试,他们必须对新旧进行分类所研究类别的岩石图像。三个实验证明了临时测试(与重新研究相比)对以前和新研究的类别的好处。然而,特征突出显示并没有进一步增强学习,有时甚至阻碍了学习。研究结果表明,在自然类别学习中提供更多信息并不总是比提供更少信息更好。他们研究了一系列带或不带特征突出显示的岩石图像,并在进入 B 部分之前在 A 部分进行了临时测试或不进行。在 B 部分之后,所有参与者都进行了最终测试,他们必须对新旧进行分类所研究类别的岩石图像。三个实验证明了临时测试(与重新研究相比)对以前和新研究的类别的好处。然而,特征突出显示并没有进一步增强学习,有时甚至阻碍了学习。研究结果表明,在自然类别学习中提供更多信息并不总是比提供更少信息更好。所有参与者都参加了最终测试,他们必须对所研究类别的新旧岩石图像进行分类。三个实验证明了临时测试(与重新研究相比)对以前和新研究的类别的好处。然而,特征突出显示并没有进一步增强学习,有时甚至阻碍了学习。研究结果表明,在自然类别学习中提供更多信息并不总是比提供更少信息更好。所有参与者都参加了最终测试,他们必须对所研究类别的新旧岩石图像进行分类。三个实验证明了临时测试(与重新研究相比)对以前和新研究的类别的好处。然而,特征突出显示并没有进一步增强学习,有时甚至阻碍了学习。研究结果表明,在自然类别学习中提供更多信息并不总是比提供更少信息更好。

更新日期:2023-04-28
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