While the energy management system (EMS) has been operated with output power measurements from all generation units (GUs) in transmission system, most renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution system have been installed behind-the-meter (BTM). As the result, the power outputs from RESs are invisible to utilities, and they are separated from the available net load in the EMS based on the assumption that all data are accessible to utilities. Thereafter, this BTM power loss of renewables might not only prevent taking the proper control actions in time, but also cause a serious stability problem in a power system, particularly when a large amount of power from RESs in distribution systems is suddenly curtailed. This letter proposes several methods to estimate the amount of BTM power loss of renewables with the available EMS data. Then, the effectiveness of proposed estimation methods is verified by case study on a practical system with the real EMS data.

中文翻译：

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使用 EMS 数据估算可再生能源的表后功率损耗

虽然能源管理系统 (EMS) 已通过输电系统中所有发电机组 (GU) 的输出功率测量运行，但配电系统中的大多数可再生能源 (RES) 已安装在仪表后 (BTM)。因此，RES 的功率输出对公用事业是不可见的，并且基于公用事业可以访问所有数据的假设，它们与 EMS 中的可用净负荷分开。此后，这种可再生能源的 BTM 功率损失不仅可能妨碍及时采取适当的控制措施，而且还会导致电力系统出现严重的稳定性问题，尤其是当配电系统中来自 RES 的大量电力突然被削减时。这封信提出了几种方法，可以使用可用的 EMS 数据来估算可再生能源的 BTM 功率损失量。然后，