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Effects of Tirofiban on Neurological Deterioration in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Wenbo Zhao, Sijie Li, Chuanhui Li, Chuanjie Wu, Junmei Wang, Lifei Xing, Yue Wan, Jinhui Qin, Yaoming Xu, Ruixian Wang, Changming Wen, Aihua Wang, Lan Liu, Jing Wang, Haiqing Song, Wuwei Feng, Qingfeng Ma, Xunming Ji
Evidence supports using antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, neurological deterioration remains common under the currently recommended antiplatelet regimen, leading to poor clinical outcomes.
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Cold-Induced Reflex Epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Cathy Meng Fei Li, David Dongkyung Kim, Seyed M Mirsattari
This case report describes a woman cold-induced reflex seizures.
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A 24-Year-Old Man With Spastic Ataxia and Hypodontia JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-22 Lissa Marien, Panagiota Tsitsi, Gert Cypers
A 24-year-old man presented with progressive gait instability, marked spinal cord atrophy, and dental radiography showing the absence of several elements, microdontia, and taurodontia. What is your diagnosis?
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Entering Medicine as a Physician and a Patient JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Frederick Thomas Gibson
This essay describes the author’s experience with the line between life and death and what the fragility of life means for patients and their medical teams.
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A Rare Neurological Presentation of Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Murva Asad, Arpan R. Mehta, Dermot Mallon
This case report describes a 17-year-old boy with reduced consciousness and T2-weighted hyperintensity, focal diffusion restriction, and microhemorrhages within the deep gray nuclei and surrounding white matter.
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Clinicopathologic Heterogeneity and Glial Activation Patterns in Alzheimer Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-15 Naomi Kouri, Isabelle Frankenhauser, Zhongwei Peng, Sydney A. Labuzan, Baayla D. C. Boon, Christina M. Moloney, Cyril Pottier, Daniel P. Wickland, Kelsey Caetano-Anolles, Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier, Jessica F. Tranovich, Ashley C. Wood, Kelly M. Hinkle, Sarah J. Lincoln, A. J. Spychalla, Matthew L. Senjem, Scott A. Przybelski, Erica Engelberg-Cook, Christopher G. Schwarz, Rain S. Kwan, Elizabeth R.
ImportanceFactors associated with clinical heterogeneity in Alzheimer disease (AD) lay along a continuum hypothesized to associate with tangle distribution and are relevant for understanding glial activation considerations in therapeutic advancement.ObjectivesTo examine clinicopathologic and neuroimaging characteristics of disease heterogeneity in AD along a quantitative continuum using the corticolimbic
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Large Language Model Performance on Practice Epilepsy Board Examinations. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Sara Habib, Haroon Butt, Shira R Goldenholz, Chi Yuan Chang, Daniel M Goldenholz
This diagnostic study examines whether large language models are able to pass practice licensing examinations for epilepsy.
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Early Seizure Prophylaxis in Mild and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 Matthew Pease, Adi Mittal, Sara Merkaj, David O. Okonkwo, Jorge A. Gonzalez-Martinez, Jonathan Elmer, Wen-Shyong Liou, Valeria Pingue, Flora M. Hammond, Sergiu Abramovici, James Castellano, Niravkumar Barot
ImportanceGuidelines recommend seizure prophylaxis for early posttraumatic seizures (PTS) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Use of antiseizure medications for early seizure prophylaxis after mild or moderate TBI remains controversial.ObjectiveTo determine the association between seizure prophylaxis and risk reduction for early PTS in mild and moderate TBI.Data SourcesPubMed, Google Scholar
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Toward More Personalized Management of Device-Detected Atrial Fibrillation JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-08 James E. Siegler, Luciano A. Sposato, Shadi Yaghi
This Viewpoint discusses the need to individualize the management of subclinical atrial fibrillation according to burden (among other factors) by modeling stroke risk.
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Use of Recommended Neurodiagnostic Evaluation Among Patients With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Matthew Spotnitz, Cameron D. Ekanayake, Anna Ostropolets, Guy M. McKhann, Hyunmi Choi, Ruth Ottman, Alfred I. Neugut, George Hripcsak, Karthik Natarajan, Brett E. Youngerman
ImportanceInterdisciplinary practice parameters recommend that patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) undergo comprehensive neurodiagnostic evaluation, including presurgical assessment. Reporting from specialized centers suggests long delays to referral and underuse of surgery; however, longitudinal data are limited to characterize neurodiagnostic evaluation among patients with DRE in more diverse
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Semantic Variant of Primary Progressive Aphasia With Glycine Receptor α1 Autoantibodies JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Yufei Chen, Cuibai Wei
This case report describes a 54-year-old woman with naming deficits, comprehension impairment, and memory loss. Initial physical and neurological examination results were unremarkable.
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Progress in Pharmacologic Management of Neuropsychiatric Syndromes in Neurodegenerative Disorders JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Jeffrey Cummings, Krista Lanctot, George Grossberg, Clive Ballard
ImportanceNeuropsychiatric syndromes (NPSs) are common in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs); compromise the quality of life of patients and their care partners; and are associated with faster disease progression, earlier need for nursing home care, and poorer quality of life. Advances in translational pharmacology, clinical trial design and conduct, and understanding of the pathobiology of NDDs are
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High-Efficacy Therapy Discontinuation vs Continuation in Patients 50 Years and Older With Nonactive MS. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Guillaume Jouvenot, Guilhem Courbon, Mathilde Lefort, Fabien Rollot, Romain Casey, Emmanuelle Le Page, Laure Michel, Gilles Edan, Jérome de Seze, Laurent Kremer, Kevin Bigaut, Sandra Vukusic, Guillaume Mathey, Jonathan Ciron, Aurélie Ruet, Elisabeth Maillart, Pierre Labauge, Hélène Zephir, Caroline Papeix, Gilles Defer, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Thibault Moreau, David Axel Laplaud, Eric Berger, Bruno
A recent randomized clinical trial concluded that discontinuing medium-efficacy therapy might be a reasonable option for older patients with nonactive multiple sclerosis (MS), but there is a lack of data on discontinuing high-efficacy therapy (HET). In younger patients, the discontinuation of natalizumab and fingolimod is associated with a risk of rebound of disease activity.
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Visual Pathway Outcomes Based on Sample Size in Clinical Neuroprotection Research. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Sebastian Küchlin, Gabriele Ihorst, Sven P Heinrich, Pablo Márquez Neila, Philipp Albrecht, Martin J Hug, Wolf A Lagrèze
This cohort study calculates clinical trial sample sizes powered by visual pathway outcomes of acute optic neuritis in neuroprotection research.
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Trends in Intracranial and Cerebral Volumes of Framingham Heart Study Participants Born 1930 to 1970 JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Charles DeCarli, Pauline Maillard, Matthew P. Pase, Alexa S. Beiser, Daniel Kojis, Claudia L. Satizabal, Jayandra J. Himali, Hugo J. Aparicio, Evan Fletcher, Sudha Seshadri
ImportanceHuman brain development and maintenance is under both genetic and environmental influences that likely affect later-life dementia risk.ObjectiveTo examine environmental influences by testing whether time-dependent secular differences occurred in cranial and brain volumes and cortical thickness over birth decades spanning 1930 to 1970.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study
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Early Use of Erenumab vs Nonspecific Oral Migraine Preventives JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 Patricia Pozo-Rosich, David Dolezil, Koen Paemeleire, Adam Stepien, Philipp Stude, Josefin Snellman, Michal Arkuszewski, Tracy Stites, Shannon Ritter, Cristina Lopez Lopez, Jeff Maca, Matias Ferraris, Raquel Gil-Gouveia
ImportancePatients with migraine often cycle through multiple nonspecific preventive medications due to poor tolerability and/or inadequate efficacy leading to low adherence and increased disease burden.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy, tolerability, patient adherence, and patient satisfaction between erenumab and nonspecific oral migraine preventive medications (OMPMs) in patients with episodic migraine
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features of Encephalitis of Scrub Typhus JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-25 He Li, Zhizong Lai, Wei Tang
This case report describes the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and diagnosis of scrub typhus infection in a woman who had recurrent high fever, akinetic mutism, an eschar, and an increase in lymphocytes.
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Serologic Response to the Epstein-Barr Virus Peptidome and the Risk for Multiple Sclerosis JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Marianna Cortese, Yumei Leng, Kjetil Bjornevik, Moriah Mitchell, Brian C. Healy, Michael J. Mina, James D. Mancuso, David W. Niebuhr, Kassandra L. Munger, Stephen J. Elledge, Alberto Ascherio
ImportanceIt remains unclear why only a small proportion of individuals infected with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) develop multiple sclerosis (MS) and what the underlying mechanisms are.ObjectiveTo assess the serologic response to all EBV peptides before the first symptoms of MS occur, determine whether the disease is associated with a distinct immune response to EBV, and evaluate whether specific
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The Most Difficult Question in a Cognitive Disorders Clinic. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Faheem Arshad, Suvarna Alladi
This essay describes the difficulty in diagnosing dementia and the experiences and questions caregivers have regarding its diagnosis.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of LGI1-Antibody and CASPR2-Antibody Encephalitis JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Mark J. Kelly, Eleanor Grant, Andrew G. Murchison, Sophie Binks, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Sophia Michael, Adam E. Handel, Lahiru Handunnetthi, Christopher E. Uy, John N. Soltys, Divyanshu Dubey, Gregory S. Day, A. Sebastian Lopez-Chiriboga, Eoin P. Flanagan, Fintan Sheerin, Sarosh R. Irani
ImportanceRapid and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis encourages prompt initiation of immunotherapy toward improved patient outcomes. However, clinical features alone may not sufficiently narrow the differential diagnosis, and awaiting autoantibody results can delay immunotherapy.ObjectiveTo identify simple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics that accurately distinguish 2 common
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Risk of Major Congenital Malformations and Exposure to Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Dina Battino, Torbjörn Tomson, Erminio Bonizzoni, John Craig, Emilio Perucca, Anne Sabers, Sanjeev Thomas, Silje Alvestad, Piero Perucca, Frank Vajda
Women with epilepsy (WWE) require treatment with antiseizure medications (ASMs) during pregnancy, which may be associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations (MCMs) in their offspring.
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Visualizing Hyperhidrosis With Water-Erasable Ink. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Cathy Meng Fei Li, Matthew McShane, John Alexander Fraser
This case report describes the use of water-erasable ink to visualize hyperhidrosis in Frey syndrome.
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Clopidogrel Plus Aspirin vs Aspirin Alone in Patients With Acute Mild to Moderate Stroke: The ATAMIS Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Hui-Sheng Chen, Yu Cui, Xin-Hong Wang, Yu-Tong Ma, Jing Han, Ying-Jie Duan, Jiang Lu, Li-Ying Shen, Yong Liang, Wei-Zhong Wang, Hui Wang, Yong Zhao, Jin-Tao Zhang, Yu-Lin Song, Xiao-Mei He, Run-Hui Li, Ding-Bo Tao, Jing Li, Shu-Man Huang, Ni Wang, Mei Hong, Chong Meng, Wei Zhang, Duo-Lao Wang, Thanh N Nguyen
Dual antiplatelet therapy has been demonstrated to be superior to single antiplatelet in reducing recurrent stroke among patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, but robust evidence for its effect in patients with mild to moderate ischemic stroke is lacking.
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Emerging Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers of Disease Activity and Progression in Multiple Sclerosis JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Anne H. Cross, Jeffrey M. Gelfand, Simon Thebault, Jeffrey L. Bennett, H. Christian von Büdingen, Briana Cameron, Robert Carruthers, Keith Edwards, Robert Fallis, Rachel Gerstein, Paul S. Giacomini, Benjamin Greenberg, David A. Hafler, Carolina Ionete, Ulrike W. Kaunzner, Lay Kodama, Christopher Lock, Erin E. Longbrake, Bruno Musch, Gabriel Pardo, Fredrik Piehl, Martin S. Weber, Steven Yuen, Tjalf
ImportanceBiomarkers distinguishing nonrelapsing progressive disease biology from relapsing biology in multiple sclerosis (MS) are lacking. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an accessible fluid that most closely reflects central nervous system biology.ObjectiveTo identify CSF biological measures associated with progressive MS pathobiology.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study assessed data
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Treatment of Refractory Status Epilepticus With Continuous Intravenous Anesthetic Drugs JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Yu Kan Au, Mohammed F. Kananeh, Rahul Rahangdale, Timothy Eoin Moore, Gregory A. Panza, Nicolas Gaspard, Lawrence J. Hirsch, Andres Fernandez, Syed Omar Shah
ImportanceMultiple continuous intravenous anesthetic drugs (CIVADs) are available for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE). There is a paucity of data comparing the different types of CIVADs used for RSE.ObjectiveTo systematically review and compare outcome measures associated with the initial CIVAD choice in RSE in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
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Microbleeds in Heterozygous HTRA1-Related Cerebral Small Vessel Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Yu Guo, Qing Peng, Chen Ling
This case report describes the evaluation of a 44-year-old man with a history of headache, dizziness, and imbalance and imaging that showed lacunar infarctions and bilateral white matter hyperintensities.
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Coma Prognostication After Acute Brain Injury JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 David Fischer, Brian L. Edlow
ImportanceAmong the most impactful neurologic assessments is that of neuroprognostication, defined here as the prediction of neurologic recovery from disorders of consciousness caused by severe, acute brain injury. Across a range of brain injury etiologies, these determinations often dictate whether life-sustaining treatment is continued or withdrawn; thus, they have major implications for morbidity
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Burden of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Across the US From 1990 to 2019 JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Daniela Renedo, Julian N. Acosta, Audrey C. Leasure, Richa Sharma, Harlan M. Krumholz, Adam de Havenon, Fares Alahdab, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Zahra Aryan, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Sanjay Basu, Katrin Burkart, Kaleb Coberly, Michael H. Criqui, Xiaochen Dai, Rupak Desai, Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne, Rajkumar Doshi, Islam Y. Elgendy, Valery L. Feigin, Irina Filip, Mohamed M. Gad, Sherief Ghozy, Nima
ImportanceStroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the US. Accurate and updated measures of stroke burden are needed to guide public health policies.ObjectiveTo present burden estimates of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the US in 2019 and describe trends from 1990 to 2019 by age, sex, and geographic location.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsAn in-depth cross-sectional analysis of the
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Wildfire Smoke and Its Neurological Impact JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Hao Chen, Haiyan Tong, Yunan Xu
This Viewpoint calls for a more concerted research effort aimed at establishing a robust link between wildfire smoke exposure and neurological effects.
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LDL-C Levels and Bleeding Risk in Patients Taking DAPT After Minor Ischemic Stroke or TIA JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Aichun Cheng, Jing Xue, Anxin Wang, Qin Xu, Zhiyuan Feng, Jinxi Lin, Hao Li, Xia Meng, Jie Xu, Yongjun Wang
ImportanceEvidence on the bleeding risk associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in patients receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) remains sparse.ObjectiveTo investigate the association of LDL-C levels with bleeding risk in patients with minor ischemic stroke (MIS) or high-risk transient ischemic attack (HRTIA) receiving DAPT.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort
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Male Carrier of X-Linked Adrenal Leukodystrophy Due to 47, XXY Karyotype. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Yu Ni, Chen Liu, Liang Tan
This case report studies a 12-year-old boy with a family history of X-linked adrenal leukodystrophy and his 8-year-old younger brother.
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Batoclimab vs Placebo for Generalized Myasthenia Gravis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Chong Yan, Yaoxian Yue, Yuzhou Guan, Bitao Bu, Qing Ke, Ruisheng Duan, Hui Deng, Qun Xue, Haishan Jiang, Fei Xiao, Huan Yang, Ting Chang, Zhangyu Zou, Haifeng Li, Song Tan, Haibing Xiao, Hongyu Zhou, Hua Zhang, Qiang Meng, Wenyu Li, Wei Li, Junhong Guo, Yali Zhang, Zunbo Li, Jianglong Tu, Jianquan Shi, Wei Li, Michael Lee, Yu Chen, Xiaolu Tao, Shuai Zhao, Ping Li, Chongbo Zhao
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is caused by autoantibodies that disrupt the neuromuscular junction. The neonatal fragment crystallizable receptor (FcRn) antagonists, efgartigimod and rozanolixizumab, reduce immunoglobulin G (IgG) level in the circulation and alleviate symptoms in patients with generalized MG.
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Origin of Transthyretin in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Toshiya Nomura, Yohei Misumi, Masayoshi Tasaki, Konen Obayashi, Taro Yamashita, Yukio Ando, Mitsuharu Ueda
This case series evaluates the correlation between transthyretin and cerebral amyloid angiopathy progression in individuals with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis.
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Posttraumatic Epilepsy and Dementia Risk JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Andrea L. C. Schneider, Connor A. Law, Rebecca F. Gottesman, Gregory Krauss, Juebin Huang, Anna Kucharska-Newton, Frances E. Jensen, James J. Gugger, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Emily L. Johnson
ImportanceAlthough both head injury and epilepsy are associated with long-term dementia risk, posttraumatic epilepsy (PTE) has only been evaluated in association with short-term cognitive outcomes.ObjectiveTo investigate associations of PTE with dementia risk.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study initially enrolled participants from 1987 to 1989 and this
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Functional Outcomes in Conservatively vs Surgically Treated Cerebellar Infarcts JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Sae-Yeon Won, Silvia Hernández-Durán, Bedjan Behmanesh, Joshua D. Bernstock, Marcus Czabanka, Nazife Dinc, Daniel Dubinski, Thomas M. Freiman, Albrecht Günther, Kara Hellmuth, Eva Herrmann, Juergen Konczalla, Ilko Maier, Ruzanna Melkonian, Dorothee Mielke, Paul Naser, Veit Rohde, Christian Senft, Alexander Storch, Andreas Unterberg, Johannes Walter, Uwe Walter, Matthias Wittstock, Jan Hendrik Schaefer
ImportanceAccording to the current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines, decompressive surgery is indicated in patients with cerebellar infarcts that demonstrate severe cerebellar swelling. However, there is no universal definition of swelling and/or infarct volume(s) available to support a decision for surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate functional outcomes in surgically compared
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Paused-A Residency Interrupted. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Elle Maureen Newcome
This essay describes the author’s experience with a biking accident.
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Sublingual Edaravone Dexborneol for the Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Yu Fu, Anxin Wang, Renhong Tang, Shuya Li, Xue Tian, Xue Xia, Jinsheng Ren, Shibao Yang, Rong Chen, Shunwei Zhu, Xiaofei Feng, Jinliang Yao, Yan Wei, Xueshuang Dong, Yun Ling, Fei Yi, Qian Deng, Cunju Guo, Yi Sui, Shugen Han, Guoqiang Wen, Chuanling Li, Aiqin Dong, Xin Sun, Zhimin Wang, Xueying Shi, Bo Liu, Dongsheng Fan
ImportanceSublingual edaravone dexborneol, which can rapidly diffuse and be absorbed through the oral mucosa after sublingual exposure, is a multitarget brain cytoprotection composed of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients edaravone and dexborneol.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and safety of sublingual edaravone dexborneol on 90-day functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic
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Diagnosing Preclinical and Prodromal Neurodegenerative Diseases—The Clinical Is Political JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Claire M. Erickson, Emily A. Largent
This Viewpoint describes clinical and political considerations for individuals diagnosed with neurodegenerative conditions during the preclinical or prodromal stage.
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Highly Effective Therapies as First-Line Treatment for Pediatric-Onset Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Nail Benallegue, Fabien Rollot, Sandrine Wiertlewski, Romain Casey, Marc Debouverie, Anne Kerbrat, Jérôme De Seze, Jonathan Ciron, Aurelie Ruet, Pierre Labauge, Elisabeth Maillart, Helene Zephir, Caroline Papeix, Gilles Defer, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Thibault Moreau, Eric Berger, Bruno Stankoff, Pierre Clavelou, Olivier Heinzlef, Jean Pelletier, Eric Thouvenot, Abdullatif Al Khedr, Bertrand Bourre
Moderately effective therapies (METs) have been the main treatment in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) for years. Despite the expanding use of highly effective therapies (HETs), treatment strategies for POMS still lack consensus.
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Shifting Carotid Web Due to a Wandering and Rotating Carotid Artery. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Unal Mutlu, Willem Jan R Fokkink, Fop van Kooten
This case report describes the finding of a carotid web in combination with a wandering and rotating carotid artery, resulting in a stroke.
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Trends in AVM-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage in the United States, 2000-2019 JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Alexandra Giantini-Larsen, Cenai Zhang, Philip Stieg, Hooman Kamel
This cross-sectional study examines whether there has been a significant change in the annual incidence of arteriovenous malformation (AVM)–associated intracranial hemorrhage among US adults over the past 2 decades.
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Revisiting the Emergency Department. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Blake Thomson
This essay describes the author’s first time in an emergency department since accompanying his mother for neurologic evaluation.
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Time to Anticoagulation Reversal and Outcomes After Intracerebral Hemorrhage JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Kevin N. Sheth, Nicole Solomon, Brooke Alhanti, Steven R. Messe, Ying Xian, Deepak L. Bhatt, J. Claude Hemphill, Jennifer A. Frontera, Raymond C. Chang, Ilya M. Danelich, Joanna Huang, Lee Schwamm, Eric E. Smith, Joshua N. Goldstein, Brian Mac Grory, Gregg C. Fonarow, Jeffrey L. Saver
ImportanceIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the deadliest stroke subtype, and mortality rates are especially high in anticoagulation-associated ICH. Recently, specific anticoagulation reversal strategies have been developed, but it is not clear whether there is a time-dependent treatment effect for door-to-treatment (DTT) times in clinical practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether DTT time is associated
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Endovascular Thrombectomy Treatment Effect in Direct vs Transferred Patients With Large Ischemic Strokes: A Prespecified Analysis of the SELECT2 Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Amrou Sarraj, Michael D Hill, M Shazam Hussain, Michael G Abraham, Santiago Ortega-Gutierrez, Michael Chen, Scott E Kasner, Leonid Churilov, Deep K Pujara, Hannah Johns, Spiros Blackburn, Sophia Sundararajan, Yin C Hu, Nabeel A Herial, Ronald F Budzik, William J Hicks, Juan F Arenillas, Jenny P Tsai, Osman Kozak, Dennis J Cordato, Ricardo A Hanel, Teddy Y Wu, Pere Cardona Portela, Chirag D Gandhi,
Patients with large ischemic core stroke have poor clinical outcomes and are frequently not considered for interfacility transfer for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).
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Healthy Lifestyle and Cognition in Older Adults With Common Neuropathologies of Dementia JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Klodian Dhana, Puja Agarwal, Bryan D. James, Sue E. Leurgans, Kumar B. Rajan, Neelum T. Aggarwal, Lisa L. Barnes, David A. Bennett, Julie A. Schneider
ImportanceA healthy lifestyle is associated with better cognitive functioning in older adults, but whether this association is independent of the accumulation of dementia-related pathologies in the brain is uncertain.ObjectiveTo determine the role of postmortem brain pathology, including β-amyloid load, phosphorylated tau tangles, cerebrovascular pathology, and other brain pathologies, in the association
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Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction Among Initiators of Triptans JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Christian Lund Petersen, Anders Hougaard, David Gaist, Jesper Hallas
ImportanceTriptans are contraindicated in patients with ischemic heart disease or previous myocardial infarction, and caution is advised when prescribing these drugs to patients with vascular risk factors. However, controlled observational studies have either shown no association or an apparent lower risk, possibly owing to a channeling of triptans to individuals at low risk of cardiovascular outcomes
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Is Incidentally Discovered Covert Cerebrovascular Disease Ignorable? JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Thomas R Meinel, Joanna M Wardlaw, David M Kent
This Viewpoint discusses the clinical implications of incidentally discovered covert cerebrovascular disease.
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Endovascular Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke After Cardiac Interventions in the United States JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Adam de Havenon, Lily W. Zhou, Andrew B. Koo, Charles Matouk, Guido J. Falcone, Richa Sharma, John Ney, Liqi Shu, Shadi Yaghi, Hooman Kamel, Kevin N. Sheth
ImportanceIschemic stroke is a serious complication of cardiac intervention, including surgery and percutaneous procedures. Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is an effective treatment for ischemic stroke and may be particularly important for cardiac intervention patients who often cannot receive intravenous thrombolysis.ObjectiveTo examine trends in EVT for ischemic stroke during hospitalization of patients
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Multiomic Analysis of Neuroinflammation and Occult Infection in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Prashanth S. Ramachandran, Benjamin W. Okaty, Molly Riehs, Anne Wapniarski, Daniel Hershey, Hani Harb, Maham Zia, Elisabeth A. Haas, Sanda Alexandrescu, Lynn A. Sleeper, Sara O. Vargas, Mark P. Gorman, Steven Campman, Othon J. Mena, Keith Levert, Keith Hyland, Richard D. Goldstein, Michael R. Wilson, Robin L. Haynes
ImportanceAntemortem infection is a risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)—the leading postneonatal cause of infant mortality in the developed world. Manifestations of infection and inflammation are not always apparent in clinical settings or by standard autopsy; thus, enhanced resolution approaches are needed.ObjectiveTo ascertain whether a subset of SIDS cases is associated with neuroinflammation
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Building CRISPR Gene Therapies for the Central Nervous System JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Sally E. Salomonsson, Claire D. Clelland
ImportanceGene editing using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) holds the promise to arrest or cure monogenic disease if it can be determined which genetic change to create without inducing unintended cellular dysfunction and how to deliver this technology to the target organ reliably and safely. Clinical trials for blood and liver disorders, for which delivery of CRISPR
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Diffusely Enhancing Lesions on MRI in DPPX Antibody-Associated Encephalitis JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Mao Liu, Chuan Qin, Dai-Shi Tian
This case report describes a diagnosis of dipeptidyl-peptidaselike protein-6 antibody-associated encephalitis in a woman aged 51 years who presented with progressive gait instability, memory impairment, and weight loss.
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Diagnostic Accuracy of a Plasma Phosphorylated Tau 217 Immunoassay for Alzheimer Disease Pathology JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Nicholas J. Ashton, Wagner S. Brum, Guglielmo Di Molfetta, Andrea L. Benedet, Burak Arslan, Erin Jonaitis, Rebecca E. Langhough, Karly Cody, Rachael Wilson, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Eugeen Vanmechelen, Laia Montoliu-Gaya, Juan Lantero-Rodriguez, Nesrine Rahmouni, Cecile Tissot, Jenna Stevenson, Stijn Servaes, Joseph Therriault, Tharick Pascoal, Alberto Lleó, Daniel Alcolea, Juan Fortea, Pedro Rosa-Neto
ImportancePhosphorylated tau (p-tau) is a specific blood biomarker for Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology, with p-tau217 considered to have the most utility. However, availability of p-tau217 tests for research and clinical use has been limited. Expanding access to this highly accurate AD biomarker is crucial for wider evaluation and implementation of AD blood tests.ObjectiveTo determine the utility
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Concomitant Medications for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Jay M Iyer, Douglas Gunzler, Anthony E Lang, Lawrence I Golbe, Alexander Pantelyat, Adam L Boxer, Anne-Marie Wills
This secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial examines changes in the progression of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) associated with 31 concomitant medication classes used by study participants over 1 year.
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Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke: The Phase 2/3 TREASURE Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Kiyohiro Houkin, Toshiya Osanai, Shinichiro Uchiyama, Kazuo Minematsu, Akihiko Taguchi, Katsuhiko Maruichi, Yoshimasa Niiya, Katsuyuki Asaoka, Yoshihiro Kuga, Katsumi Takizawa, Koichi Haraguchi, Shinichi Yoshimura, Kazumi Kimura, Koji Tokunaga, Atsuo Aoyama, Fusao Ikawa, Chikanori Inenaga, Tatsuya Abe, Atsushi Tominaga, Shinichi Takahashi, Kohsuke Kudo, Miki Fujimura, Taku Sugiyama, Masaki Ito, Masahito
Cell therapy is a promising treatment approach for stroke and other diseases. However, it is unknown whether MultiStem (HLCM051), a bone marrow-derived, allogeneic, multipotent adult progenitor cell product, has the potential to treat ischemic stroke.
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Psychedelics in Addiction Treatment-Navigating a Sociopolitical Rift. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Nicky J Mehtani, Brian T Anderson, Jennifer M Mitchell
This Viewpoint discusses the use of psychedelics in treatment for substance use disorders.
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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Neuroimmunological Disease JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-16 Alice Grizzel Willison, Marc Pawlitzki, Michael Peter Lunn, Hugh John Willison, Hans-Peter Hartung, Sven Günther Meuth
ImportanceThe temporal association between the occurrence of neurological diseases, many autoimmune diseases, and vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been topically interesting and remains hotly debated both in the medical literature and the clinic. Given the very low incidences of these events both naturally occurring and in relation to vaccination, it is challenging to determine with certainty whether
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Argatroban in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Early Neurological Deterioration JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Xuting Zhang, Wansi Zhong, Rui Xue, Haidi Jin, Xiaoxian Gong, Yuhui Huang, Fujian Chen, Mozi Chen, Liqun Gu, Yebo Ge, Xiaodong Ma, Bifeng Zhong, Mengjie Wang, Haitao Hu, Zhicai Chen, Shenqiang Yan, Yi Chen, Xin Wang, Xiaoling Zhang, Dongjuan Xu, Yuping He, Minfang Lou, Aiju Wang, Xiong Zhang, Li Ma, Xiaodong Lu, Jianer Wang, Qiong Lou, Ping’an Qian, Guomin Xie, Xiaofen Zhu, Songbin He, Jin Hu, Xiongjie
ImportanceThe effect of argatroban in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and early neurological deterioration (END) is unknown.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of argatroban for END in AIS.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis open-label, blinded–end point, randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 4, 2020, through July 31, 2022. The date of final follow-up was October 31, 2022. This
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Ophthalmoplegia With Isolated Extraocular Muscle Hypertrophy JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Cathy Meng Fei Li, David Dongkyung Kim, Larry H. Allen
A 60-year-old man is experiencing diplopia but no problems with visual acuity, pain, or other symptoms. A magnetic resonance image of the head shows abnormal thickening and T2 hyperintensity of the right lateral rectus muscle. What is your diagnosis?
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Neurologic Alternative Payment Models-Bridging the Gap. JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Joseph T Kannarkat, George T Kannarkat, Lyell K Jones
This Viewpoint discusses alternative payments models and the responsibilities of health care professionals.
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Trigeminal Ganglionopathy on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging—A Rare Etiology JAMA Neurol. (IF 29.0) Pub Date : 2024-01-08 Noel William Gomes, Rahul Tryambak Chakor, Swaleha Nadaf
This case report describes a 56-year-old man with periorbital swelling and hyperpigmentation on the right side of the face and a hypopigmented patch on the anterior chest.