Rayleigh scattering is a universal material property because all materials have nonzero polarizability. Reliable quantification of the material light scattering cross section in the liquid phase and its depolarization spectra is, however, challenging due to a host of sample and instrument issues. Using the recently developed polarized resonance synchronous spectroscopic method, we reported the light scattering cross section and depolarization spectra measured for a total of 29 liquids including water, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, dimethylformamide, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexane and two hexane isomers (3-methylpentane and 2,3-dimethylbutane), tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, acetonitrile, pyridine, chloromethanes including di-, tri, tetrachloromethane, acetone, benzene and eight benzene derivatives (toluene, fluorobenzene, 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-difluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene, and nitrobenzene). The solvent light scattering depolarization is wavelength-independent for the model solvents, and it varies from 0.023 ± 0.011 for CCl₄ to 0.619 ± 0.022 for nitrobenzene. The light scattering cross-section spectra can be approximated with the function of σ(λ) = αλ^–4 with the α value varying from 7.2 ± 0.2 × 10^–45 cm⁶ for water to a maximum of 8.5 ± 0.6 × 10^–43 cm⁶ for nitrobenzene. Structural isomerization has no significant effect on either the depolarization or the scattering cross sections for both hexanes and difluorobenzene isomers. This work represents the most comprehensive experimental study on liquid light scattering features. The insight from this work should be important for understanding the correlation between the material structure and optical properties. The described method can be readily implemented by researchers with access to conventional spectrofluorometers equipped with excitation and detection polarizers.

中文翻译：

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使用极化共振同步光谱法测定液体的光散射截面和去极化光谱

瑞利散射是一种通用的材料特性，因为所有材料的极化率均非零。然而，由于大量的样品和仪器问题，对液相中的材料光散射截面及其去极化光谱进行可靠的定量分析是一项挑战。使用最新开发的极化共振同步光谱法，我们报告了总共29种液体的光散射截面和去极化光谱，这些液体包括水，甲醇，乙醇，1-丙醇，1-丁醇，二甲基甲酰胺，二硫化碳，二甲基亚砜，己烷和两种己烷异构体（3-甲基戊烷和2,3-二甲基丁烷），四氢呋喃，环己烷，乙腈，吡啶，氯甲烷，包括二，三，四氯甲烷，丙酮，苯和八种苯衍生物（甲苯，氟苯，1,2-，1,3-和1,4-二氟苯，氯苯，1,2-和1,3-二氯苯和硝基苯）。对于模型溶剂，溶剂光散射消偏振与波长无关，对于CCl，其消光范围为0.023±0.011硝基苯为₄至0.619±0.022。光散射横截面光谱可以与σ的函数来近似（λ）=αλ ^-4与α值从7.2±0.2×10改变^-45厘米⁶水到最大为8.5±0.6×10 ^-43厘米⁶用于硝基苯。结构异构化对己烷和二氟苯异构体的去极化或散射截面均无显着影响。这项工作代表了对液体光散射特征的最全面的实验研究。这项工作的见识对于理解材料结构和光学特性之间的相关性很重要。研究人员可以很容易地通过配备有激发和检测偏振器的常规分光光度计来实现所描述的方法。