Human–machine haptic interaction is typically detected by variations in friction, roughness, hardness, and temperature, which combines to create sensation of surface texture change. Most of the current technologies work to simulate changes in tactile perception (via electrostatic, lateral force fields, vibration motors, etc.) without creating actual topographical transformations. This makes it challenging to provide localized feedback. Here, a new concept for on‐demand surface texture augmentation that is capable of physically forming local topographic features in any predesigned pattern is demonstrated. The transparent, flexible, integrable device comprises of a hybrid electrode system with conductive hydrogel, silver nanowires, and conductive polymers with acrylic elastomer as the dielectric layer. Desired surface textures can be controlled by a predesigned pattern of electrodes, which operates as independent or interconnected actuators. Surface features with up to a height of 0.155 mm can be achieved with a transformation time of less than a second for a device area of 18 cm². High transparency levels of 76% are achieved due to the judicious choice of the electrode and the active elastomer layer. The capability of localized and controlled deformations makes this system highly useful for applications such as display touchscreens, touchpads, braille displays, on‐demand buttons, and microfluidic devices.

中文翻译：

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高度透明且可整合的表面纹理变化装置，用于局部触觉反馈

人机触觉交互通常通过摩擦，粗糙度，硬度和温度的变化来检测，这些变化共同产生表面纹理变化的感觉。当前的大多数技术都在模拟触觉感知的变化（通过静电，横向力场，振动电机等），而不会产生实际的地形变化。这使得提供本地化反馈具有挑战性。在此，展示了一种按需表面纹理增强的新概念，该概念能够以任何预先设计的图案物理形成局部地形特征。透明，柔性，可集成的设备包括带有导电水凝胶，银纳米线和带有丙烯酸类弹性体作为电介质层的导电聚合物的混合电极系统。可以通过预先设计的电极图案来控制所需的表面纹理，该电极可作为独立的或相互连接的致动器进行操作。对于18 cm的设备面积，不到一秒的转换时间就可以实现高度高达0.155 mm的表面特征²。由于对电极和活性弹性体层的明智选择，可以达到76％的高透明度。局部变形和受控变形的能力使该系统在诸如显示触摸屏，触摸板，盲文显示器，按需按钮和微流体设备等应用中非常有用。