The massive outbreak of Ebola virus disease in west Africa between 2013 and 2016 resulted in intense efforts to evaluate the efficacy of several specific countermeasures developed through years of preclinical work, including the first clinical trials for therapeutics and vaccines. In this Review, we discuss how the experience and data generated from that outbreak have helped to advance the understanding of the use of these countermeasures for post-exposure prophylaxis against Ebola virus infection. In future outbreaks, post-exposure prophylaxis could play an important part in reducing community transmission of Ebola virus by providing more immediate protection than does immunisation as well as providing additional protection for health-care workers who are inadvertently exposed over the course of their work. We propose provisional guidance for use of post-exposure prophylaxis in Ebola virus disease and identify the priorities for future preparedness and further research.

中文翻译：

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埃博拉病毒病：暴露后预防的最新情况。

2013 年至 2016 年间在西非大规模爆发的埃博拉病毒病导致人们努力评估通过多年临床前工作开发的几种具体对策的有效性，包括针对治疗剂和疫苗的首次临床试验。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了从那次爆发中产生的经验和数据如何有助于加深对使用这些对策来预防埃博拉病毒感染的接触后预防的理解。在未来的疫情暴发中，接触后预防可以在减少埃博拉病毒的社区传播方面发挥重要作用，它可以提供比免疫接种更直接的保护，并为在工作过程中无意接触的医护人员提供额外的保护。