Heteroatom doping is one of the most effective routes to adjust the physicochemical and optical properties of carbon dots (CDs). However, fluorine (F) doped CDs have been barely achieved. In this work, a F-doping strategy was proposed and adopted to modulate optical properties of CDs. A kind of F-doped CDs was synthesized by a solvothermal process using aromatic F bearing moiety as the F source and shows much longer maximum emissions (up to 600 nm, red fluorescence) than that of undoped CDs, indicating a large emission red-shift effect by F-doping. In addition, the F-doped CDs have remarkable water-solubility, high biocompatibility, as well as excellent stability even under broad pH range, ionic strengths, and light illumination and thus can be used as a novel probe for the highly efficient cell imaging of various normal cells and cancer cells. The F-doped CDs can selectively bind to Ag⁺. It therefore makes the F-doped CDs be a highly sensitive probe for the detection of Ag⁺ under both aqueous solution and various biological systems. The huge potential of this F-doping strategy is indicated in the rational design of high-performance CDs, as well as in applications of clinical diagnosis and ion detection.

中文翻译：

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氟掺杂引起碳点的大发射红移及其在红细胞成像和敏感细胞内Ag ⁺检测中的应用

杂原子掺杂是调节碳点（CD）的物理化学和光学性质的最有效途径之一。但是，几乎没有实现掺氟（F）的CD。在这项工作中，提出了一种F掺杂策略，并采用该策略来调制CD的光学特性。一种溶剂掺杂的CD掺​​杂的CD，采用芳族F轴承部分作为F源，通过溶剂热法合成，与未掺杂的CD相比，其最大发射（最长600 nm，红色荧光）更长，表明发射的红移较大。 F掺杂的效果。此外，掺F的CD具有出色的水溶性，高生物相容性，甚至在宽的pH范围，离子强度和光照下也具有出色的稳定性，因此可以用作新型探针，用于高效的细胞成像各种正常细胞和癌细胞。⁺。因此，它使掺F的CD成为检测水溶液和各种生物系统中Ag ⁺的高灵敏度探针。高性能CD的合理设计以及临床诊断和离子检测的应用表明了这种F掺杂策略的巨大潜力。