The ability of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by micron or nanoscale zero-valent copper (ZVC or nZVC) to degrade 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was quantified under various conditions. Mechanism investigation revealed that PS and PMS accelerated the corrosion of ZVC or nZVC to release Cu⁺ under acidic conditions. The in-situ generated Cu⁺ further decomposed PS or PMS to produce SO₄

⁻ and OH, which then dramatically degraded 2,4-DCP. The k_obs for 2,4-DCP removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, k_obs of ZVC/PMS and nZVC/PMS systems were 10 ∼ 30 times greater than these in ZVC/PS and nZVC/PS systems. The nZVC/PMS system was most effective to remove 2,4-DCP which even did better than the nZVI/PMS system, with rate constant values ranging from 0.041 to 1.855 min⁻¹. At higher pH ZVC is ineffective, but nZVC can activate PS and PMS to significantly degrade 2,4-DCP at pH up to 7.3. The 2,4-DCP degradation pathway was found to involve dechloridation, dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, ring open and mineralization. 56.7% and 45.3% of TOC removals were respectively obtained in the ZVC/PMS and nZVC/PMS systems within 120 min. This study helps to comprehend the application of zero-valent metals in reactive radicals-based oxidation processes and the reactivity of Cu⁺ as an activator of PS and PMS.

中文翻译：

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通过使用微米级或纳米级零价铜活化过硫酸盐和过氧单硫酸盐来降解2,4-二氯苯酚

在各种条件下，量化了微米级或纳米级零价铜（ZVC或nZVC）活化的过硫酸盐（PS）和过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）降解2，4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）的能力。机理研究表明，PS和PMS在酸性条件下会加速ZVC或nZVC的腐蚀，从而释放出Cu ⁺。原位生成的Cu ⁺进一步分解PS或PMS生成SO ₄

^-和OH，然后急剧降解2,4-DCP。2,4-DCP去除的k _obs遵循拟一阶动力学，ZVC / PMS和nZVC / PMS系统的k _obs比ZVC / PS和nZVC / PS系统的kobs大10到30倍。nZVC / PMS系统最有效地去除2,4-DCP，其效果甚至优于nZVI / PMS系统，速率常数值范围为0.041至1.855 min ^-1。在较高的pH值下ZVC无效，但是nZVC可以激活PS和PMS以在高达7.3的pH值下显着降解2,4-DCP。发现2，4-DCP的降解途径涉及脱氯，脱氢，羟基化，开环和矿化。在120分钟内在ZVC / PMS和nZVC / PMS系统中分别获得了56.7％和45.3％的TOC去除率。这项研究有助于理解零价金属在基于反应自由基的氧化过程中的应用以及Cu ⁺作为PS和PMS的活化剂的反应性。