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Inducible Tolerance to Agrochemicals Was Paved by Evolutionary Responses to Predators
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 11.4 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-15 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b03816
Devin K. Jones 1 , William D. Hintz 1 , Matthew S. Schuler 1 , Erika K. Yates 1 , Brian M. Mattes 1 , Rick A. Relyea 1
Affiliation  

Recent research has reported increased tolerance to agrochemicals in target and nontarget organisms following acute physiological changes induced through phenotypic plasticity. Moreover, the most inducible populations are those from more pristine locations, far from agrochemical use. We asked why do populations with no known history of pesticide exposure have the ability to induce adaptive responses to novel agrochemicals? We hypothesized that increased pesticide tolerance results from a generalized stressor response in organisms, and would be induced following sublethal exposure to natural and anthropogenic stressors. We exposed larval wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) to one of seven natural or anthropogenic stressors (predator cue (Anax spp.), 0.5 or 1.0 mg carbaryl/L, road salt (200 or 1000 mg Cl/L), ethanol-vehicle control, or no-stressor control) and subsequently tested their tolerance to a lethal carbaryl concentration using time-to-death assays. We observed induced carbaryl tolerance in tadpoles exposed to 0.5 mg/L carbaryl and also in tadpoles exposed to predator cues. Our results suggest that the ability to induce pesticide tolerance likely arose through evolved antipredator responses. Given that antipredator responses are widespread among species, many animals might possess inducible pesticide tolerance, buffering them from agrochemical exposure.

中文翻译:

对捕食者的进化反应铺平了对农用化学品的诱导耐受性

最近的研究报道,由于表型可塑性引起的急性生理变化,对目标生物和非目标生物对农用化学品的耐受性增强。而且,最易诱导的种群是来自较原始地点的种群,远离农药的使用。我们问为什么没有已知农药暴露史的人群有能力诱导对新型农药的适应性反应?我们假设增加的杀虫剂耐受性是由生物体中普遍的应激反应引起的,并且在自然和人为的应激源亚致死性暴露后会被诱导。我们将幼虫蛙(Lithobates sylvaticus)暴露于七个自然或人为应激源(捕食者提示(Anax属),0.5或1.0mg西维因/ L,道路盐(200或1000毫克氯。- / L),乙醇车载控制或无应力源控制)和随后测试它们的使用至致死西维因浓度公差时间至-死亡测定。我们观察到暴露于0.5 mg / L西维因的t和暴露于捕食者线索的t诱导的西维因耐受性。我们的结果表明,诱导农药耐受性的能力可能是由于进化的抗捕食者反应而引起的。考虑到抗捕食者的反应在物种中广泛存在,许多动物可能具有可诱导的杀虫剂耐受性,从而使它们免受农药暴露。
更新日期:2017-11-15
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