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Mercury exposure and short-term consequences on physiology and reproduction in Antarctic petrels
Environmental Pollution ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.004
Alice Carravieri , Jérôme Fort , Arnaud Tarroux , Yves Cherel , Oliver P. Love , Solène Prieur , Maud Brault-Favrou , Paco Bustamante , Sébastien Descamps

Mercury (Hg) is a pervasive contaminant reaching Antarctic environments through atmospheric transport and deposition. Seabirds as meso to top predators can accumulate high quantities of Hg through diet. Reproduction is one of the most sensitive endpoints of Hg toxicity in marine birds. Yet, few studies have explored Hg exposure and effects in Antarctic seabirds, where increasing environmental perturbations challenge animal populations. This study focuses on the Antarctic petrel Thalassoica antarctica from Svarthamaren, Antarctica, where the world's largest breeding population is thought to be in decline. Hg and the stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C, proxy of feeding habitat) and nitrogen (δ15N, trophic position/diet) were measured in red blood cells from 266 individuals over two breeding years (2012–13, 2013–14). Our aims were to 1) quantify the influence of individual traits (size and sex) and feeding ecology (foraging location, δ13C and δ15N values) on Hg exposure, and 2) test the relationship between Hg concentrations with body condition and breeding output (hatching success and chick survival). Hg concentrations in Antarctic petrels (mean ± SD, 0.84 ± 0.25, min-max, 0.42–2.71 μg g−1 dw) were relatively low when compared to other Antarctic seabirds. Hg concentrations increased significantly with δ15N values, indicating that individuals with a higher trophic level (i.e. feeding more on fish) had higher Hg exposure. By contrast, Hg exposure was not driven by feeding habitat (inferred from both foraging location and δ13C values), suggesting that Hg transfer to predators in Antarctic waters is relatively homogeneous over a large geographical scale. Hg concentrations were not related to body condition, hatching date and short-term breeding output. At present, Hg exposure is likely not of concern for this population. Nevertheless, further studies on other fitness parameters and long-term breeding output are warranted because Hg can have long-term population-level effects without consequences on current breeding success.



中文翻译:

汞暴露及其对南极海燕生理和繁殖的短期影响

汞(Hg)是一种通过大气传输和沉积到达南极环境的普遍污染物。作为顶级掠食者的中观海鸟可以通过饮食积聚大量的汞。繁殖是海洋鸟类中Hg毒性最敏感的终点之一。然而,很少有研究探讨汞在南极海鸟中的暴露及其影响,在南极海鸟中,不断增加的环境扰动对动物种群构成挑战。这项研究的重点是来自南极Svarthamaren的南极海燕Thalassoica antarctica,该地区的全球最大繁殖种群正在减少。Hg和碳的稳定同位素(δ 13 C,供给栖息地的代理)和氮(δ 15在两个繁殖年(2012-13年,2013-14年)中,从266个个体的红细胞中测量了N(营养位置/饮食)。我们的目标是:1)量化个人特质(大小和性别)和摄食生态的影响(觅食位置,δ 13 C和δ 15上汞暴露的N值),和2)测试与身体条件汞浓度之间的关系和繁殖产量(孵化成功率和雏鸡存活率)。与其他南极海鸟相比,南极海燕中的汞浓度(平均±SD,0.84±0.25,最小-最大值,0.42-2.71μgg -1 dw)相对较低。汞浓度与δ显著上升15N值,表明营养水平较高(即以鱼为食)的个体具有较高的Hg暴露量。相反,汞暴露没有被供给栖息地(从两个觅食位置和δ推断驱动13个C值),表明汞转移到捕食者在南极海域是在一个大的地理范围内实现相对均匀。汞浓度与身体状况,孵化日期和短期繁殖产量无关。目前,汞暴露对这一人群而言可能并不重要。尽管如此,仍需要对其他适应性参数和长期育种产量进行进一步研究,因为汞会产生长期的种群水平影响,而不会影响目前的育种成功率。

更新日期:2017-11-13
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