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Effects of Sodium Reduction and the DASH Diet in Relation to Baseline Blood Pressure
Journal of the American College of Cardiology ( IF 24.0 ) Pub Date : 2017-12-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.011
Stephen P Juraschek 1 , Edgar R Miller 2 , Connie M Weaver 3 , Lawrence J Appel 2
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Both sodium reduction and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products, and reduced in saturated fat and cholesterol, lower blood pressure. The separate and combined effects of these dietary interventions by baseline blood pressure (BP) has not been reported. OBJECTIVES The authors compared the effects of low versus high sodium, DASH versus control, and both (low sodium-DASH vs. high sodium-control diets) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) by baseline BP. METHODS In the DASH-Sodium (Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure) trial, adults with pre- or stage 1 hypertension and not using antihypertensive medications, were randomized to either DASH or a control diet. On either diet, participants were fed each of 3 sodium levels (50, 100, and 150 mmol/day at 2,100 kcal) in random order over 4 weeks separated by 5-day breaks. Strata of baseline SBP were <130, 130 to 139, 140 to 149, and ≥150 mm Hg. RESULTS Of 412 participants, 57% were women, and 57% were black; mean age was 48 years, and mean SBP/diastolic BP was 135/86 mm Hg. In the context of the control diet, reducing sodium (from high to low) was associated with mean SBP differences of -3.20, -8.56, -8.99, and -7.04 mm Hg across the respective baseline SBP strata listed (p for trend = 0.004). In the context of high sodium, consuming the DASH compared with the control diet was associated with mean SBP differences of -4.5, -4.3, -4.7, and -10.6 mm Hg, respectively (p for trend = 0.66). The combined effects of the low sodium-DASH diet versus the high sodium-control diet on SBP were -5.3, -7.5, -9.7, and -20.8 mm Hg, respectively (p for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS The combination of reduced sodium intake and the DASH diet lowered SBP throughout the range of pre- and stage 1 hypertension, with progressively greater reductions at higher levels of baseline SBP. SBP reductions in adults with the highest levels of SBP (≥150 mm Hg) were striking and reinforce the importance of both sodium reduction and the DASH diet in this high-risk group. Further research is needed to determine the effects of these interventions among adults with SBP ≥160 mm Hg. (Dietary Patterns, Sodium Intake and Blood Pressure [DASH-Sodium]; NCT00000608).

中文翻译:

减钠和 DASH 饮食对基线血压的影响

背景钠减少和 DASH(停止高血压的饮食方法)饮食,一种富含水果、蔬菜和低脂乳制品的饮食,并降低饱和脂肪和胆固醇,降低血压。尚未报告这些饮食干预对基线血压 (BP) 的单独和综合影响。目的 作者比较了低钠与高钠、DASH 与对照以及两者(低钠 DASH 与高钠对照饮食)对基线血压收缩压 (SBP) 的影响。方法 在 DASH-钠(饮食模式、钠摄入量和血压)试验中,患有 1 级高血压或 1 期高血压且未使用抗高血压药物的成年人被随机分配到 DASH 或对照饮食组。在任何一种饮食中,参与者分别被喂食 3 种钠水平(50、100 和 150 mmol/天,第 2、100 kcal)在 4 周内以随机顺序进行,中间间隔 5 天。基线 SBP 的层次分别为 <130、130 至 139、140 至 149 和 ≥ 150 mmHg。结果 在 412 名参与者中,57% 是女性,57% 是黑人;平均年龄为 48 岁,平均 SBP/舒张压为 135/86 mm Hg。在对照饮食的背景下,减少钠(从高到低)与列出的各个基线 SBP 层的平均 SBP 差异 -3.20、-8.56、-8.99 和 -7.04 mmHg 相关(趋势 p = 0.004 )。在高钠的情况下,与对照饮食相比,消耗 DASH 与平均 SBP 差异分别为 -4.5、-4.3、-4.7 和 -10.6 毫米汞柱(趋势 p = 0.66)。低钠 DASH 饮食与高钠控制饮食对 SBP 的综合影响分别为 -5.3、-7.5、-9.7 和 -20.8 毫米汞柱(p 趋势 <0. 001)。结论 减少钠摄入量和 DASH 饮食相结合降低了整个 1 级高血压范围内的 SBP,随着基线 SBP 水平升高,SBP 降低程度逐渐增加。SBP 水平最高(≥ 150 mmHg)的成年人的 SBP 降低是惊人的,并且强化了钠减少和 DASH 饮食在这个高风险人群中的重要性。需要进一步研究来确定这些干预措施对 SBP ≥ 160 mmHg 的成年人的影响。(饮食模式、钠摄入量和血压 [DASH-钠];NCT00000608)。SBP 水平最高(≥ 150 mmHg)的成年人的 SBP 降低是惊人的,并且强化了钠减少和 DASH 饮食在这个高风险人群中的重要性。需要进一步研究来确定这些干预措施对 SBP ≥ 160 mmHg 的成年人的影响。(饮食模式、钠摄入量和血压 [DASH-钠];NCT00000608)。SBP 水平最高(≥ 150 mmHg)的成年人的 SBP 降低是惊人的,并且强化了钠减少和 DASH 饮食在这个高风险人群中的重要性。需要进一步研究来确定这些干预措施对 SBP ≥ 160 mmHg 的成年人的影响。(饮食模式、钠摄入量和血压 [DASH-钠];NCT00000608)。
更新日期:2017-12-01
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