Isotope analyses on “collagen” extracted from ancient bone have been routinely used for dietary and chronological inferences worldwide for decades. These methods involve the decalcification of biomineralized tissues with acid, often followed by processes to remove exogenous contaminants, and then gelatinization of what is often described as the “collagen” fraction. However, little is known about the relative content of collagen to the many other noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) potentially present. Some of these NCPs have great longevity in ancient bone, and some, for example, fetuin-A, are useful for obtaining better taxonomic information than collagen. This study uses Orbitrap Elite LC–MS/MS to characterize the proteomes of the acid-soluble and base-soluble fractions, which are usually discarded, and the gelatinized “collagen” fraction obtained from both stable isotope and radiocarbon methods applied to several ancient bovine bones. The results showed that all fractions tested contain numerous NCPs, but the base-soluble fraction for both methods contains the greatest number of NCPs with the highest relative abundances. This study confirms that not only do the waste fractions obtained from the “collagen” extraction procedure of stable isotope or radiocarbon dating methods yield a plentiful resource of NCPs that is currently being overlooked but that they also provide proteomes as complex as those obtained from standard proteomics methods.

中文翻译：

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通过基于胶原的稳定同位素和放射性碳定年方法提取的蛋白质组的表征。

数十年来，对从古代骨骼中提取的“胶原蛋白”进行的同位素分析已被常规用于饮食和时间推论。这些方法包括用酸对生物矿化组织进行脱钙，然后进行去除外源污染物的过程，然后对通常被称为“胶原蛋白”的部分进行糊化。但是，对于胶原蛋白与潜在存在的许多其他非胶原蛋白（NCP）的相对含量知之甚少。这些NCP中的一些在古代骨骼中具有很长的寿命，而某些例如胎球蛋白A可用于获得比胶原蛋白更好的分类信息。这项研究使用Orbitrap Elite LC-MS / MS来表征通常被丢弃的酸溶性和碱溶性组分的蛋白质组，从稳定同位素和放射性碳方法获得的糊化的“胶原蛋白”级分应用于几个古老的牛骨。结果表明，所测试的所有馏分均包含大量NCP，但两种方法的碱溶性馏分均包含最多数量的NCP，且相对丰度最高。这项研究证实，不仅可以从稳定同位素或放射性碳定年方法的“胶原”提取程序中获得的废物组分产生大量目前被忽视的NCP资源，而且它们还提供与从标准蛋白质组学获得的蛋白质组一样复杂的蛋白质组。方法。但是这两种方法的碱溶级分均包含数量最多的NCP，且相对丰度最高。这项研究证实，不仅可以从稳定同位素或放射性碳定年方法的“胶原”提取程序中获得的废物组分产生大量目前被忽视的NCP资源，而且它们还提供与从标准蛋白质组学获得的蛋白质组一样复杂的蛋白质组。方法。但是这两种方法的碱溶级分均包含数量最多的NCP，且相对丰度最高。这项研究证实，不仅可以从稳定同位素或放射性碳定年方法的“胶原”提取程序中获得的废物组分产生大量目前被忽视的NCP资源，而且它们还提供与从标准蛋白质组学获得的蛋白质组一样复杂的蛋白质组。方法。