Abstract We report the evolution of structural, physical and magnetic properties of Zr doped Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1-xZrxO3, (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.07 and 0.10) nanoparticles prepared by tartaric acid based sol gel route. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns shows the coexistence of rhombohedral (R3c) and orthorhombic (Pbnm) phase in all the samples. Morphological studies confirm the compositional driven reduction in particle size with increasing Zr concentration due to filling of oxygen vacancies and hence lower grain growth. The magnetic measurements at room temperature indicate that Zr substitution induces weak ferromagnetism and discerns large and non-zero remanant magnetization. Both dielectric constant (e′) and loss factor (tan δ) of these samples decrease with increasing Zr concentration, indicating improved dielectric properties due to the suppression of oxygen vacancies in co-doped compositions. An anomaly in dielectric constant and dielectric loss is observed in the vicinity of antiferromagnetic Neel temperature. Fourier transform infrared spectra show that the Fe–O bond length decreases with increasing Zr concentration which is consistent with the Rietveld analysis. The UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurements show a significant reduction in the optical band gap value from 2.35 eV to 2.05 eV for Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1-xZrxO3 samples.

中文翻译：

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Zr 取代的 Bi 0.90 Gd 0.10 FeO 3 多铁性材料的结构、磁性、介电、振动和光学特性

摘要 我们报告了通过基于酒石酸的溶胶凝胶途径制备的 Zr 掺杂 Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1-xZrxO3 (x = 0.0, 0.03, 0.07 和 0.10) 纳米粒子的结构、物理和磁性能的演变。X 射线衍射图的 Rietveld 细化显示所有样品中菱面体 (R3c) 和正交 (Pbnm) 相共存。形态学研究证实，由于氧空位的填充，随着 Zr 浓度的增加，颗粒尺寸的成分驱动减小，从而降低了晶粒生长。室温下的磁性测量表明，Zr 取代会引起弱铁磁性，并能识别出大的非零剩磁。这些样品的介电常数 (e') 和损耗因子 (tan δ) 都随着 Zr 浓度的增加而降低，表明由于抑制共掺杂组合物中的氧空位而提高了介电性能。在反铁磁尼尔温度附近观察到介电常数和介电损耗的异常。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明，Fe-O 键长随着 Zr 浓度的增加而减小，这与 Rietveld 分析一致。紫外可见漫反射光谱测量显示 Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1-xZrxO3 样品的光学带隙值从 2.35 eV 显着降低到 2.05 eV。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明，Fe-O 键长随着 Zr 浓度的增加而减小，这与 Rietveld 分析一致。紫外可见漫反射光谱测量显示 Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1-xZrxO3 样品的光学带隙值从 2.35 eV 显着降低到 2.05 eV。傅里叶变换红外光谱表明，Fe-O 键长随着 Zr 浓度的增加而减小，这与 Rietveld 分析一致。紫外可见漫反射光谱测量显示 Bi0.90Gd0.10Fe1-xZrxO3 样品的光学带隙值从 2.35 eV 显着降低到 2.05 eV。