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Effects of ashes from a Brazilian savanna wildfire on water, soil and biota: An ecotoxicological approach
Science of the Total Environment ( IF 9.8 ) Pub Date : 2017-11-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.051
Eduardo C. Oliveira-Filho , Darlan Q. Brito , Zelia M.B. Dias , Mayara S. Guarieiro , Esther L. Carvalho , Maria L. Fascineli , Cintia C. Niva , Cesar K. Grisolia

Wildfire is very common in Brazilian savannas, and its effects on water, soil and aquatic/soil organisms are poorly understood. In this study, we observed the effects of fire, especially of ashes, on surface soil and subsurface water in a typical Brazilian savanna (Cerrado sensu strictu) for one year. Soil analyses (pH, organic matter content, potential acidity, K, Ca, Mg and P) and subsurface water analyses (NO3 −, PO4 Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+) were assessed. We evaluated the ecotoxicological effects of ashes on three different endpoints and species, in fish Danio rerio (embryonic development), aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata (reproduction) and a soil species Enchytraeus sp. (reproduction). We found a higher amount of exchangeable cations and organic matter content in short-term fire effects on soil, but the higher availability of nutrients did not affect the soil pH in field plots. The effects of ashes on soil and subsurface water did not persist for one-year post-fire, except for organic matter content in burned areas. No toxic effects were observed on hatching success and incidences of developmental abnormalities in D. rerio embryos. However, ash input had adverse effects on reproduction in snails and enchytraeids. We reported a statistically significant decrease in snail eggs exposed to the 50 g.L− 1 and 100 g.L− 1 of ashes after four weeks (p < 0.05, Dunnett's test and Tukey test). Enchytraeus sp. reproduction was negatively influenced by the natural soil, which presents high acidity, and also when exposed directly to the ashes from burned area, suggesting that pH and other ash compounds may limit the growth of enchytraeids. More studies in burned areas are strongly encouraged, addressing the potential important routes of exposure to ashes in order to understand the impact of intense fires on soil and aquatic biota in tropical savannas.



中文翻译:

巴西大草原野火的灰烬对水,土壤和生物群系的影响:一种生态毒理学方法

野火在巴西热带稀树草原中非常普遍,人们对野火对水,土壤和水生/土壤生物的影响知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们观察了火灾,特别是灰烬对典型的巴西大草原(Cerrado sensu strictu)的表层土壤和地下水的影响,持续了一年。土壤分析(pH值,有机质含量,酸度潜力,K,Ca,Mg和P)和地下水分析(NO 3 -,PO 4 的Mg 2+,钙2+和K +)进行了评估。我们评估了骨灰对鱼类Danio rerio(胚胎发育),水生蜗牛的三个不同终点和物种的生态毒理学影响。Biomphalaria glabrata(繁殖)和土壤物种Enchytraeus sp。(再生产)。我们发现在短期火烧对土壤的影响中,交换性阳离子和有机物的含量较高,但是养分的较高利用率并未影响田间土壤的pH值。火灾后,灰烬对土壤和地下水的影响并没有持续一年,除了燃烧区域的有机物含量。没有观察到对D孵化成功和发育异常发生率的毒性作用。rerio胚胎。然而,灰分的输入对蜗牛和Entratraeidids的繁殖有不利影响。我们报道了暴露于50 gL − 1和100 gL的蜗牛卵在统计学上有显着下降四周后灰烬1次p  <0.05,Dunnett检验和Tukey检验)。Enchytraeus SP。繁殖受到天然土壤的不利影响,天然土壤呈现出高酸度,当直接暴露于燃烧区域的灰烬中时,也暗示了pH和其他灰分化合物可能会限制肠梭菌的生长。强烈建议在烧伤地区进行更多研究,探讨可能的重要灰烬暴露途径,以了解烈火对热带稀树草原的土壤和水生生物的影响。

更新日期:2017-11-11
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