Bacterial communities in groundwater are very important as they maintain a balanced biogeochemical environment. When subjected to stressful environments, for example, due to anthropogenic contamination, bacterial communities and their dynamics change. Studying the responses of the groundwater microbiome in the face of environmental changes can add to our growing knowledge of microbial ecology, which can be utilized for the development of novel bioremediation strategies. High-throughput and simpler techniques that allow the real-time study of different microbiomes and their dynamics are necessary, especially when examining larger data sets. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) is a workhorse for the high-throughput identification of bacteria. In this work, groundwater samples were collected from a rural area in southern Texas, where agricultural activities and unconventional oil and gas development are the most prevalent anthropogenic activities. Bacterial communities were assessed using MALDI-TOF MS, with bacterial diversity and abundance being analyzed with the contexts of numerous organic and inorganic groundwater constituents. Mainly denitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria from the Phylum Proteobacteria were isolated. These microorganisms are able to either transform nitrate into gaseous forms of nitrogen or degrade organic compounds such as hydrocarbons. Overall, the bacterial communities varied significantly with respect to the compositional differences that were observed from the collected groundwater samples. Collectively, these data provide a baseline measurement of bacterial diversity in groundwater located near anthropogenic surface and subsurface activities.

地下水中的细菌群落非常重要，因为它们保持了平衡的生物地球化学环境。当遭受压力环境（例如，由于人为污染）时，细菌群落及其动态变化。研究面对环境变化的地下水微生物组的反应，可以增加我们对微生物生态学不断增长的了解，可以将其用于开发新的生物修复策略。需要高通量且更简单的技术，以便实时研究不同的微生物群落及其动力学，特别是在检查较大的数据集时。基质辅助激光解吸电离（MALDI）飞行时间质谱（TOF-MS）是用于高通量鉴定细菌的主力军。在这项工作中，地下水样品是从德克萨斯州南部的一个农村地区收集的，该地区的农业活动和非常规油气开发是最普遍的人为活动。使用MALDI-TOF MS对细菌群落进行了评估，并根据众多有机和无机地下水成分对细菌的多样性和丰度进行了分析。主要来自Phylum的反硝化和异养细菌变形菌分离。这些微生物能够将硝酸盐转化为氮气形式的气态形式，或降解有机化合物（例如碳氢化合物）。总体而言，从收集的地下水样本中观察到的细菌组成方面，细菌群落差异很大。总体而言，这些数据为位于人为地表和地下活动附近的地下水中细菌多样性提供了基线测量。