AbstractA new type of carbon ceramic electrode modified with bismuth oxide nanoparticles (referred to as Bi-CCE) was fabricated via the sol-gel method. The Bi-CCE was applied to the determination of syringic acid by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. The electrochemical properties of the Bi-CCE and the voltammetric response to syringic acid were investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The effects of the pH value of supporting electrolyte, of accumulation potential, accumulation time, SW mode parameters, and of possible interferents were tested. Under optimized conditions, the oxidation peak current (best measured at 0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl after an accumulation time of 20 s) increases linearly in the 0.4 to 24 μmol·L−1 syringic acid concentration range. Other figures of merit include an LOD of 47 nmol·L−1, a sensitivity of 3.3 μA·μmol−1·L·cm−2, and a relative standard deviation of 4.7% (for n = 5) at 2 μmol·L−1 of syringic acid. The method was successfully applied to the determination of syringic acid in red, white and rose wine as well as water samples. Graphical abstractSchematic presentation of the preparation of carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) containing Bi2O3 nanoparticles and its application in square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetric (SW AdSV) determination of syringic acid.

中文翻译：

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氧化铋纳米颗粒修饰的碳陶瓷电极用于溶出伏安法测定丁香酸

摘要 采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一种新型纳米氧化铋改性碳陶瓷电极（简称Bi-CCE）。Bi-CCE应用于方波吸附溶出伏安法测定丁香酸。通过循环伏安法研究了 Bi-CCE 的电化学性质和对丁香酸的伏安响应。测试了支持电解质的 pH 值、积累电位、积累时间、SW 模式参数和可能的干扰物的影响。在优化条件下，氧化峰值电流（最好在 0.8 V vs Ag/AgCl 下测量，累积时间为 20 秒）在 0.4 至 24 μmol·L-1 丁香酸浓度范围内线性增加。其他品质因数包括 47 nmol·L−1 的 LOD，3.3 μA·μmol−1·L·cm−2 的灵敏度，2 μmol·L-1 丁香酸时的相对标准偏差为 4.7%（n = 5）。该方法已成功应用于红、白、桃红葡萄酒以及水样中丁香酸的测定。图解摘要含Bi2O3纳米颗粒的碳陶瓷电极（CCE）的制备及其在方波吸附溶出伏安法（SW AdSV）测定丁香酸中的应用示意图。