Background

Traffic noise stresses and disturbs sleep. It has been associated with various diseases, and has recently also been associated with lifestyle. Hence, the association between traffic noise and disease could partly operate via a pathway of lifestyle habits, including smoking and alcohol intake.

Objectives

We investigated associations between modelled residential traffic noise and smoking habits and alcohol consumption.

Methods

In a cohort of 57,053 participants, we performed cross-sectional analyses using data from a baseline questionnaire (1993-97), and longitudinal analyses of change between baseline and follow-up (2000-02). Smoking status (never, former, current) and intensity (tobacco, g/day) and alcohol consumption (g/day) was self-reported at baseline and follow-up. Address history from 1987-2002 for all participants were found in national registries, and road traffic and railway noise was modelled 1 and 5 years before enrolment, and from baseline to follow-up. Analyses were performed using logistic and linear regression, and adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic variables, leisure-time sports, and noise from the opposite source (road/railway).

Results

Road traffic noise exposure 5 years before baseline was positively associated with alcohol consumption (adjusted difference per 10 dB: 1.38 g/day, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10–1.65), smoking intensity (adjusted difference per 10 dB: 0.40 g/day, 95% CI: 0.19–0.61), and odds for being a current vs. never/former smoker at baseline (odds ratio (OR): 1.14; 95% CI: 1.10–1.17). In longitudinal analyses, we found no association between road traffic noise and change in smoking and alcohol habits. Railway noise was not associated with smoking habits and alcohol consumption, neither in cross-sectional nor in longitudinal analyses.

Conclusion

The study suggests that long-term exposure to residential road traffic is associated with smoking habits and alcohol consumption, albeit only in cross-sectional, but not in longitudinal analyses.

中文翻译：

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居民交通噪声暴露与吸烟习惯和饮酒之间的关联性-基于人群的研究

背景

交通噪音会加重和干扰睡眠。它与各种疾病有关，最近也与生活方式有关。因此，交通噪声与疾病之间的关联可以部分通过生活方式习惯的途径起作用，包括吸烟和饮酒。

目标

我们调查了建模的住宅交通噪声与吸烟习惯和饮酒之间的关联。

方法

在57,053名参与者中，我们使用基线调查表（1993-97）的数据进行了横断面分析，并对基线和随访之间的变化进行了纵向分析（2000-02）。在基线和随访时自我报告吸烟状况（从不，以前，当前）和强度（烟草，克/天）和酒精消耗（克/天）。在国家注册机构中发现了所有参与者的1987-2002年住址历史，并对入学前1年和5年以及从基线到随访的道路交通和铁路噪声进行了建模。使用逻辑回归和线性回归进行分析，并针对人口统计学，社会经济变量，休闲运动和来自相反来源（公路/铁路）的噪音进行调整。

结果

基线前5年的道路交通噪声暴露与饮酒量（每10 dB的调整差：1.38 g /天，95％置信区间（CI）：1.10–1.65），吸烟强度（每10 dB的调整差：0.40 g）呈正相关。 /天，95％CI：0.19–0.61），以及基线时当前吸烟者与从未吸烟者/以前吸烟者的几率（优势比（OR）：1.14； 95％CI：1.10–1.17）。在纵向分析中，我们发现道路交通噪音与吸烟和饮酒习惯的变化之间没有关联。在横断面和纵向分析中，铁路噪声均与吸烟习惯和饮酒无关。

结论

研究表明，长期暴露于住宅道路交通与吸烟习惯和饮酒有关，尽管只是在横断面方面，而在纵向分析中却没有。