Given the lack of knowledge regarding climate change-chemical exposure interactions, it is vital to evaluate how these two drivers jointly impact aquatic species. Thus, for the first time, we aimed at investigating the combined effects of increased temperature, pCO₂ and the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel on survival, growth, consumption rate and reproduction of the amphipod Gammarus locusta. For that, a full factorial design manipulating temperature [ambient temperature and warming (+4 °C)], pCO₂ [normocapnia and hypercapnia (Δ pH 0.5 units)] and the progestin levonorgestrel (LNG: L1 – 10 ngLL⁻¹ and L2 – 1000 ngLL⁻¹, control – no progestin and solvent control – vehicle ethanol (0.01%)) was implemented for 21 days. G. locusta was strongly negatively affected by warming, experiencing higher mortality rates (50–80%) than in any other treatments. Instead, growth rates were significantly affected by interactions of LNG with temperature and pCO₂. It was observed, in the short-term (7d) that under ambient temperature (18 °C) and hypercapnic conditions (pH 7.6), the LNG presence promoted the amphipod's growth, while in the medium-term (21d) this response was not observed. Relative consumption rates (RCRs), during the first week were higher than in the third week. Furthermore, in the first week, RCRs were negatively affected by higher temperature while in the third week, RCRs were negatively affected by acidification. Furthermore, it was observed a negative effect of higher temperature and acidification on G. locusta fecundity, contrarily to LNG. Concluding, the impact of increased temperature and pCO₂ was clearly more adverse for the species than exposure to the synthetic progestin, however, some interactions between the progestin and the climate factors were observed. Thus, in a future scenario of global change, the presence of LNG (and other progestins alike) may modulate to a certain level the effects of climate drivers (and vice-versa) on the gammarids fitness and reproduction.

由于缺乏有关气候变化与化学物质接触相互作用的知识，因此评估这两个驱动因素如何共同影响水生生物至关重要。因此，我们首次旨在研究温度升高，p CO ₂和合成的孕激素左炔诺孕酮对两栖类γ线虫的存活，生长，消耗速率和繁殖的综合影响。为此，需要进行全因子设计，以控制温度[环境温度和温度（+4°C）]，p CO ₂ [正常碳酸血症和高碳酸血症（ΔpH 0.5单位）]和孕激素左炔诺孕酮（LNG：L1 – 10 ngLL ^-1和L2 – 1000 ngLL ^-1，控制–未孕激素和溶剂控制–载体乙醇（0.01％））已实施21天。变热强烈地影响了G. locusta，其死亡率（50–80％）比其他任何治疗方法都高。相反，LNG与温度和p CO _2的相互作用显着影响了生长速率。观察到，在短期（7d）中，在环境温度（18°C）和高碳酸血症条件（pH 7.6）下，LNG的存在促进了两足动物的生长，而在中期（21d）中，这种反应却没有观察到的。第一周的相对消费率（RCR）高于第三周。此外，在第一周，RCR受高温的负面影响，而在第三周，RCR受酸化的负面影响。此外，与LNG相反，观察到较高的温度和酸化对茶座产卵能力的不利影响。最后，温度升高和p CO _2的影响与暴露于人工合成的孕激素相比，对物种的危害明显更大，但是，观察到孕激素和气候因素之间存在一些相互作用。因此，在全球变化的未来情况下，液化天然气（和其他孕激素都一样）的存在可能在一定程度上调节气候驱动因素（反之亦然）对γ-射线适应性和繁殖的影响。