We draw parallels between emoticons in textual communication and gesture in signed language with respect to the interdependence of codes by describing two contexts under which the behavior of emoticons in textual communication resembles that of gesture in speech. Generalizing from those findings, we propose that gesture is likely characterized by a nuanced interdependence with language whether signed, spoken or texted.

中文翻译：

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文本中的表情符号可能类似于口语或签名交流中的手势

我们通过描述文本交流中表情符号的行为类似于语音中的手势行为的两种上下文，在代码的相互依赖方面在文本交流中的表情符号和手语中的手势之间进行了比较。根据这些发现进行概括，我们提出手势的特征可能是与语言的细微相互依赖，无论是签名、口头还是发短信。