Visualizing the dynamical response of material heterointerfaces is increasingly important for the design of hybrid materials and structures with tailored properties for use in functional devices. In situ characterization of nanoscale heterointerfaces such as metal–semiconductor interfaces, which exhibit a complex interplay between lattice strain, electric potential, and heat transport at subnanosecond time scales, is particularly challenging. In this work, we use a laser pump/X-ray probe form of Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) to visualize in three-dimension the deformation of the core of a model core/shell semiconductor–metal (ZnO/Ni) nanorod following laser heating of the shell. We observe a rich interplay of radial, axial, and shear deformation modes acting at different time scales that are induced by the strain from the Ni shell. We construct experimentally informed models by directly importing the reconstructed crystal from the ultrafast experiment into a thermo-electromechanical continuum model. The model elucidates the origin of the deformation modes observed experimentally. Our integrated imaging approach represents an invaluable tool to probe strain dynamics across mixed interfaces under operando conditions.

中文翻译：

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核/壳半导体/金属纳米结构中应变的超快速三维集成成像

可视化材料异质界面的动态响应对于设计具有量身定制的特性以用于功能性设备的混合材料和结构的设计越来越重要。纳米级异质界面（如金属-半导体界面）的原位表征在亚纳秒级的晶格应变，电势和热传递之间表现出复杂的相互作用，这是特别具有挑战性的。在这项工作中，我们使用布拉格相干衍射成像（BCDI）的激光泵浦/ X射线探针形式来可视化三维模型核/壳半导体-金属（ZnO / Ni）纳米棒的核的变形，如下图所示激光加热外壳。我们观察到了不同时间尺度上的径向，轴向和剪切变形模式之间的相互作用，这些模式是由镍壳产生的应变引起的。我们通过将超快实验中的重建晶体直接导入热电机械连续模型中来构造实验信息模型。该模型阐明了实验观察到的变形模式的起源。我们的集成成像方法是在操作条件下探测混合界面上的应变动态的宝贵工具。