The diagnosis of asthma is usually based on typical symptoms, family history, audible wheeze, peak flow, spirometry, possibly in conjunction with atopy and blood eosinophilia, as well as response to treatment. In cases for which the diagnosis is less clear-cut, other tests may be required, including impulse oscillometry (IOS), exhaled nitric oxide fraction (FeNO) and bronchial challenge testing (figure 1). A pragmatic process should be considered in patients with a questionable asthma diagnosis http://ow.ly/VRNr30fwzgs

中文翻译：

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未确诊的持续性成人哮喘

哮喘的诊断通常基于典型症状、家族史、可闻喘息、峰值流量、肺活量测定，可能与特应性和血液嗜酸性粒细胞增多以及对治疗的反应有关。在诊断不太明确的情况下，可能需要其他测试，包括脉冲示波法 (IOS)、呼出一氧化氮分数 (FeNO) 和支气管激发试验（图 1）。对于哮喘诊断有问题的患者，应考虑务实的过程 http://ow.ly/VRNr30fwzgs