Primary Sjögren syndrome (SjS) is a systemic autoimmune disease that may affect 1 in 1000 people (overwhelmingly women) and that can be a serious disease with excess mortality due to severe organ-specific involvements and the development of B cell lymphoma; systemic involvement clearly marks the disease prognosis, and strongly suggests the need for closer follow-up and more robust therapeutic management. Therapy is established according to the organ involved and severity. As a rule, the management of systemic SjS should be organ-specific, with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents limited to potentially-severe involvements; unfortunately, the limited evidence available for these drugs, together with the potential development of serious adverse events, makes solid therapeutic recommendations difficult. The emergence of biological therapies has increased the therapeutic armamentarium available to treat primary SjS. Biologics currently used in SjS patients are used off-label and are overwhelmingly agents targeting B cells, but the most recent studies are moving on into the evaluation of targeting specific cytokines involved in the SjS pathogenesis. The most recent etiopathogenic advances in SjS are shedding some light in the search for new highly-selective biological therapies without the adverse effects of the standard drugs currently used (corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs). This review summarizes the potential pharmacotherapeutic options targeting the main cytokine families involved in the etiopathogenesis of primary SjS and analyzes potential insights for developing new therapies.

原发性干燥综合征（SjS）是一种全身性自身免疫性疾病，可能影响每1000人中的1人（绝大多数为女性），并且可能是严重的疾病，由于严重的器官特异性侵袭和B细胞淋巴瘤的发生，其死亡率会过高；全身性感染显然标志着疾病的预后，并强烈建议需要更密切的随访和更有效的治疗管理。根据所涉及的器官和严重程度确定治疗方法。通常，全身性SjS的治疗应针对特定器官，糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂应仅限于可能的严重感染。不幸的是，这些药物的可用证据有限，加上可能出现严重不良事件，因此很难提出可靠的治疗建议。生物疗法的出现增加了可用于治疗原发性SjS的治疗性武器库。目前在SjS患者中使用的生物制剂已在标签外使用，并且绝大多数是针对B细胞的药物，但是最近的研究正朝着针对SjS发病机理中涉及的特定细胞因子的评估进发。SjS的最新致病性进展为寻找新的高度选择性的生物疗法提供了一些亮光，而没有目前使用的标准药物（皮质类固醇和免疫抑制剂）的不良影响。这篇综述总结了针对主要SjS病因的主要细胞因子家族的潜在药物治疗选择，并分析了开发新疗法的潜在见解。