Reliable and effective water disinfectants are of paramount importance to address mounting health concerns in drinking water. Herein, Vanadium Tetrasulfide (VS₄) nanocomposites supported by different carbon materials, including VS₄/CP (carbon powder), VS₄/rGO (reduced graphene oxides), VS₄/CF (carbon fiber), and VS₄/CNT (carbon nanotube), were synthesized, comprehensively characterized, and investigated as photocatalytic disinfectants. Among them, the cost-effective and lattice-structure VS₄/CP exhibited the best disinfection performance for removing E. coli (Gram-negative) under both simulated visible light and sunlight, with a maximum inactivation rate of 9.7 log at 0.1 g L⁻¹ in 30 min. However, it was not very effective to eliminate S. aureus (Gram-positive bacteria) with a disinfection rate of 1.7 log inactivation in 30 min. Consistent disinfection performance was confirmed with four successive stability tests and over a wide range of E. coli density (6 log to 9 log CFU ml⁻¹). The potential disinfection mechanism was studied on a subcellular level, indicating that membrane damage (via mineralization, lipid peroxidation and collapsed membrane potential) and penetration-induced intracellular damage including DNA degradation and decreased ATP level could be the main inactivation principles. Further photochemical investigation suggested that O₂⁻, h⁺ and e⁻ were crucial active species, and an acidic/neutral environment would favor the photocatalytic disinfection. These results have demonstrated effectiveness and potential applications of the developed VS₄/CP nanocomposites in water disinfection.

可靠，有效的水消毒剂对于解决饮用水中日益严重的健康问题至关重要。在此，由不同碳材料（包括VS ₄ / CP（碳粉），VS ₄ / rGO（还原石墨烯氧化物），VS ₄ / CF（碳纤维）和VS ₄ / CNT（碳纤维））支撑的四硫化钒（VS ₄）纳米复合材料。碳纳米管），进行了合成，综合表征并作为光催化消毒剂进行了研究。其中，具有成本效益的晶格结构VS ₄ / CP表现出最佳的去除大肠杆菌的消毒性能。在模拟可见光和日光下均处于（革兰氏阴性）状态，在30分钟内在0.1 g L ^-1下的最大失活率为9.7 log 。但是，在30分钟内以1.7 log灭活的消毒速率消除金黄色葡萄球菌（革兰氏阳性细菌）不是很有效。通过四次连续的稳定性测试并在大范围的大肠杆菌密度（6 log至9 log CFU ml ^-1）下确认了一致的消毒性能。）。在亚细胞水平上研究了潜在的消毒机理，表明膜破坏（通过矿化，脂质过氧化和膜电位下降）和渗透诱导的细胞内破坏（包括DNA降解和ATP含量降低）可能是主要的失活原理。另外光化学调查表明Ø ₂ ^-，H ⁺和E ^-是至关重要的活性物质和酸性/中性环境将有利于光催化消毒。这些结果证明了开发的VS ₄ / CP纳米复合材料在水消毒中的有效性和潜在应用。