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Application of nanotechnologies for removing pharmaceutically active compounds from water: development and future trends
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 7.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-19 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1039/c7en00644f
Zhengqing Cai 1, 2, 3, 4 , Amarendra Dhar Dwivedi 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Wan-Ning Lee 10, 11, 12, 13 , Xiao Zhao 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , Wen Liu 10, 11, 12, 13, 18 , Mika Sillanpää 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Dongye Zhao 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 , Ching-Hua Huang 10, 11, 12, 13 , Jie Fu 1, 2, 3, 4
Affiliation  

Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) are widely detected emerging contaminants in water environments and possess high potential risks to human health and aquatic life; however, conventional water treatment processes cannot remove them sufficiently. The boom in nanoscience and nanotechnology offers opportunities to leapfrog on the back of these new technologies to develop innovative techniques in the field of water treatment. The extraordinary properties of nanomaterials, such as large surface area, quantum effect, electrochemical and magnetic properties, and other size-dependent physical and chemical properties, offer nanotechnologies great advantages over conventional technologies. To date, nanomaterials have been extensively applied or investigated in adsorption, photocatalysis, catalytic ozonation and filtration processes and have been shown to have many promising potential application prospects. Among the various nanomaterials, graphene and carbon nanotubes have shown a superior adsorption capacity for the removal of PhACs and possess great potential for modifying photocatalysts; moreover, they can also act as highly efficient catalysts for ozonation. The nano-sized photocatalysts, i.e. nano-TiO2, graphitic carbon nitride, MoS2 nanosheets, and ZnO, generally exhibit higher photocatalytic activity than bulk photocatalysts. The involvement of nanomaterials in a membrane can improve the permeability, selectivity, and anti-fouling properties of the membrane for improved filtration processes. However, some challenges, such as high cost, poor separation performance and environmental risks, are still impeding their engineering application. Aiming to provide readers with a comprehensive insight into the application of nanotechnologies for PhACs' remediation, the current review summarizes the recent advances and breakthroughs made in nanotechnology for PhACs' removal, highlights the modification methods for improving the effectiveness of treatment methods using nanomaterials, and proposes a number of possible further research directions.

中文翻译:

纳米技术从水中去除药物活性化合物的应用:发展和未来趋势

药物活性化合物(PhAC)是在水环境中被广泛检测到的新兴污染物,对人类健康和水生生物具有很高的潜在风险;然而,常规的水处理工艺不能将它们充分去除。纳米科学和纳米技术的繁荣为这些新技术的发展提供了跨越式发展的机会,以发展水处理领域的创新技术。纳米材料的非凡特性(例如大表面积,量子效应,电化学和磁性以及其他与尺寸有关的物理和化学特性)为纳米技术提供了优于常规技术的巨大优势。迄今为止,纳米材料已广泛应用于吸附,光催化,催化臭氧化和过滤工艺已被证明具有许多有前途的潜在应用前景。在各种纳米材料中,石墨烯和碳纳米管显示出优异的吸附能力,可去除PhAC,并具有巨大的改性光催化剂的潜力。此外,它们还可以用作臭氧化的高效催化剂。纳米级光催化剂纳米TiO 2,石墨氮化碳,MoS 2纳米片和ZnO通常显示出比本体光催化剂更高的光催化活性。膜中包含纳米材料可以改善膜的渗透性,选择性和防污性能,从而改善过滤过程。然而,一些挑战,例如高成本,差的分离性能和环境风险,仍然阻碍了它们的工程应用。为了向读者全面了解纳米技术在PhAC的修复中的应用,本综述总结了纳米技术在PhAC去除方面的最新进展和突破,重点介绍了改进方法以提高使用纳米材料的治疗方法的有效性,以及提出了许多可能的进一步研究方向。
更新日期:2017-10-19
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