Abstract As a mining waste, coal gangues are prone to spontaneous combustion after being piled, resulting in a series of hazardous environment problems. By studying the spontaneous combustion characteristics of coal gangues in the Dangtong (DT) and Jincheng (JC) mining areas of Shanxi Province, China, it was shown that the spontaneous combustion of coal gangues is closely related to ventilation rates. However, different ventilation rates (10–40 L/min) play different roles in the high- and low-temperature stages. After conducting an adiabatic oxidation experiment of coal gangues with different particle sizes (0–8 mm), it can be seen that the larger the particle sizes, the greater the activation energy required during oxidation and the lower the heating rate. However, a mixed pile of coal gangues comprising particles of different sizes favors self-heating and oxidation of coal gangues. The thermogravimetric (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were applied to study the process of combustion and the factors influencing it. Our test results showed that superabsorbent hydrogels prepared by mixing bentonite powder and acrylamide can be effective to weaken the activities of various oxygen-containing functional groups (such as Si O and O H) in coal gangues. Moreover, use of these hydrogels also inhibits combustion and heat release of coal gangues. By comparing the effects of the hydrogel with nitrogen and water in the fire extinguishing experiments, it was demonstrated that the bentonite–acrylamide superabsorbent hydrogel exhibits both cooling and combustion-control effects. Moreover, these hydrogels can be applied to prevent coal gangues from recombusting.

中文翻译：

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用于扑灭矸石火灾危险的新型膨润土-丙烯酰胺超吸水水凝胶的研制

摘要 煤矸石作为一种矿山废弃物，堆放后易发生自燃，造成一系列危害环境问题。通过对山西省当通（DT）和晋城（JC）矿区煤矸石自燃特征的研究，发现煤矸石的自燃与通风率密切相关。然而，不同的通风率（10-40 L/min）在高温和低温阶段发挥着不同的作用。通过对不同粒径（0~8 mm）的煤矸石进行绝热氧化实验，可以看出粒径越大，氧化所需的活化能越大，升温速率越低。然而，由不同大小的颗粒组成的煤矸石混合堆有利于煤矸石的自热和氧化。应用热重 (TG)、差示扫描量热法 (DSC) 和傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 分析来研究燃烧过程及其影响因素。我们的测试结果表明，膨润土粉与丙烯酰胺混合制备的高吸水性水凝胶可有效减弱煤矸石中各种含氧官能团（如Si O和OH）的活性。此外，使用这些水凝胶还可以抑制煤矸石的燃烧和放热。通过比较水凝胶与氮气和水在灭火实验中的效果，结果表明，膨润土-丙烯酰胺超吸收水凝胶具有冷却和燃烧控制效果。此外，这些水凝胶可用于防止煤矸石重新燃烧。