Biocatalysis has widened its scope and relevance since new molecular tools, including improved expression systems for proteins, protein and metabolic engineering, and rational techniques for immobilization, have become available. However, applications are still sometimes hampered by low productivity and difficulties in scaling up. A practical and reasonable step to improve the performances of biocatalysts (including both enzymes and whole-cell systems) is to use them in flow reactors. This review describes the state of the art on the design and use of biocatalysis in flow reactors. The encouraging successes of this enabling technology are critically discussed, highlighting new opportunities, problems to be solved and technological advances.

自新的分子工具（包括用于蛋白质，蛋白质和代谢工程的改良表达系统，以及用于固定的合理技术）问世以来，生物催化已扩大了其范围和相关性。但是，有时生产率仍然受到阻碍，并且在扩展方面遇到困难，因此应用程序有时仍然受阻。改善生物催化剂（包括酶和全细胞系统）性能的实用而合理的步骤是在流式反应器中使用它们。这篇综述描述了流动反应器中生物催化的设计和使用的最新技术。对该技术的令人鼓舞的成功进行了严格的讨论，重点介绍了新的机遇，需要解决的问题和技术进步。