We measured the fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and element (S, Pb, K, Si, Ca, Fe, Mn, and Zn) concentrations in March 2015 using a continuous PM_2.5 mass and element concentration monitor at Sanyo Onoda, which is located in the western part of Japan. In addition to the PM_2.5 concentration measurements, this instrument can continuously and automatically analyze the elements in PM_2.5 without sample pretreatment using X-ray fluorescence at a high time resolution. The PM_2.5 concentrations measured with our apparatus and the system from the Yamaguchi Prefectural Government had a good correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.931. The increase in the PM_2.5 concentration in the case of the westerly wind indicates that the air mass includes a high concentration of particulate matter that is transported from the Asian continent. The anthropogenic components (S, Pb, and K) showed a strong correlation with PM_2.5. However, there was a moderate correlation between the crustal components (Si, Ca, and Fe) and PM_2.5. During a high PM_2.5 concentration event, the results of the time lag in the peak between the anthropogenic components and the crustal components indicate that the distinct air masses were transported from different origins. The Pb/Zn ratio increased with PM_2.5, which might be a useful indicator for evaluating the long-range transport.

中文翻译：

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使用连续细颗粒物和元素监测仪的高度时间分辨的大气观测

我们于2015年3月在Sanyo Onoda上使用连续的PM _2.5质量和元素浓度监测仪测量了细颗粒物（PM _2.5）和元素（S，Pb，K，Si，Ca，Fe，Mn和Zn）的浓度，位于日本西部。除了测量PM _2.5浓度外，该仪器还可以连续自动地分析PM _2.5中的元素，而无需使用高时间分辨率的X射线荧光进行样品预处理。用我们山口县政府的仪器和系统测得的PM _2.5浓度具有良好的相关性，相关系数为0.931。PM _2.5的增加在西风的情况下，如果空气中的浓度较高，则表明空气质量中包含从亚洲大陆输送来的高浓度颗粒物。人为成分（S，Pb和K）与PM _2.5密切相关。但是，地壳成分（Si，Ca和Fe）与PM _2.5之间存在适度的相关性。在高PM _2.5浓度事件中，人为成分和地壳成分之间峰值的时间滞后结果表明，不同的气团是从不同的源头输送来的。Pb / Zn比随PM _2.5的增加而增加，这可能是评估远距离迁移的有用指标。