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Cell Removal: Efferocytosis
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2017-10-06 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-111315-125315
Peter M. Henson 1
Affiliation  

In metazoans, removal of cells in situ is involved in larval maturation, metamorphosis, and embryonic development. In adults, such cell removal plays a role in the homeostatic maintenance of cell numbers and tissue integrity as well as in the response to cell injury and damage. This removal involves uptake of the whole or fragmented target cells into phagocytes. Depending on the organism, these latter may be near-neighbor tissue cells and/or professional phagocytes such as, in vertebrates, members of the myeloid family of cells, especially macrophages. The uptake processes appear to involve specialized and highly conserved recognition ligands and receptors, intracellular signaling in the phagocytes, and mechanisms for ingestion. The recognition of cells destined for this form of removal is critical and, significantly, is distinguished for the most part from the recognition of foreign materials and organisms by the innate and adaptive immune systems. In keeping with the key role of cell removal in maintaining tissue homeostasis, constant cell removal is normally silent, i.e., does not initiate a local tissue reaction. This article discusses these complex and wide-ranging processes in general terms as well as the implications when these processes are disrupted in inflammation, immunity, and disease.

中文翻译:


细胞去除:胞吐

在后生动物中,原位细胞的去除与幼虫的成熟,变态和胚胎发育有关。在成人中,这种细胞去除在细胞数目的稳态保持和组织完整性以及对细胞损伤和损伤的反应中起作用。该去除涉及将整个或破碎的靶细胞摄取到吞噬细胞中。取决于生物,这些后者可以是近邻组织细胞和/或专业吞噬细胞,例如在脊椎动物中,是髓样细胞家族成员,特别是巨噬细胞。摄取过程似乎涉及专门的和高度保守的识别配体和受体,吞噬细胞中的细胞内信号传导以及摄入机制。识别以这种形式清除的细胞非常关键,而且很重要的是,其主要区别在于先天性和适应性免疫系统对异物和生物的识别。与细胞去除在维持组织稳态中的关键作用保持一致,恒定的细胞去除通常是沉默的,即不引发局部组织反应。本文从一般意义上讨论了这些复杂而广泛的过程,以及这些过程在炎症,免疫力和疾病中受到破坏时的含义。

更新日期:2017-10-06
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