Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an appealing potential therapy for vascular diseases; however, many challenges remain in their clinical translation. While the use of biochemical, pharmacological, and substrate‐mediated treatments to condition MSCs has been subjected to intense investigation, there has been far less exploration of using these treatments in combination with applied mechanical force for conditioning MSCs toward vascular phenotypes. This review summarizes the current understanding of the use of applied mechanical forces to differentiate MSCs into vascular cells and enhance their therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease. First recent work on the use of material‐based mechanical cues for differentiation of MSCs into vascular and cardiovascular phenotypes is examined. Then a summary of the studies using mechanical stretch or shear stress in combination with biochemical treatments to enhance vascular phenotypes in MSCs is presented.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞在心血管组织工程中的生物力学调控

间充质干细胞（MSCs）是治疗血管疾病的一种有吸引力的潜在疗法。然而，在临床翻译中仍然存在许多挑战。虽然对生化，药理学和底物介导的治疗条件进行MSC的研究已得到广泛研究，但将这些方法与施加的机械力相结合以使MSC适应血管表型的研究还很少。这篇综述总结了目前对使用机械力将MSCs分化为血管细胞并增强其对心血管疾病的治疗潜力的理解。最近研究了关于使用基于材料的机械线索将MSC分化为血管和心血管表型的最新工作。