Li-S batteries hold great potential for energy storage systems due to their high theoretical capacity and low cost. However, the shuttle of polysulfides in conventional Li-S batteries with organic electrolyte results in severe problems, such as low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. Here, we developed a solid-state Li-S battery using Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃ (LAGP) solid ceramic electrolyte instead of liquid electrolyte. Lithium film was deposited on one side of LAGP by an evaporation method to improve the contact between anode and LAGP. Sulfur-coated carbon nanotubes cathode (S-MWCNT) composition was casted on the other side of LAGP as the cathode and a small amount of ionic liquid was dropped in order to improve the ionic conductivity. This battery exhibited a high capacity of 1510 mAh g^–1 in the first cycle and retained 1400 mAh g^–1 after 30 cycles. Meanwhile, the Coulombic efficiency of the battery was almost 100% for each cycle, which indicated the shuttle effect was circumvented completely.

中文翻译：

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具有蒸发锂阳极的固态Li-S电池消除穿梭效应的设计

Li-S电池具有较高的理论容量和低成本，因此在储能系统中具有巨大的潜力。然而，传统的Li-S电池中的具有有机电解质的多硫化物的穿梭导致严重的问题，例如库仑效率低和循环稳定性差。在这里，我们开发了一种使用Li _1.5 Al _0.5 Ge _1.5（PO ₄）₃的固态Li-S电池（LAGP）固体陶瓷电解质代替液体电解质。通过蒸发方法将锂膜沉积在LAGP的一侧，以改善阳极与LAGP之间的接触。在LAGP的另一侧浇铸涂有硫的碳纳米管阴极（S-MWCNT）组合物作为阴极，并滴入少量离子液体以提高离子电导率。该电池在第一个循环中显示出1510 mAh g ^–1的高容量，并在30个循环后保留了1400 mAh g ^–1的容量。同时，每个循环的电池库仑效率几乎为100％，这表明完全避免了穿梭效应。