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Echolocating bats rely on audiovocal feedback to adapt sonar signal design
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America ( IF 11.1 ) Pub Date : 2017-09-25 00:00:00 , DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1711892114
Jinhong Luo 1 , Cynthia F. Moss 1
Affiliation  

Many species of bat emit acoustic signals and use information carried by echoes reflecting from nearby objects to navigate and forage. It is widely documented that echolocating bats adjust the features of sonar calls in response to echo feedback; however, it remains unknown whether audiovocal feedback contributes to sonar call design. Audiovocal feedback refers to the monitoring of one’s own vocalizations during call production and has been intensively studied in nonecholocating animals. Audiovocal feedback not only is a necessary component of vocal learning but also guides the control of the spectro-temporal structure of vocalizations. Here, we show that audiovocal feedback is directly involved in the echolocating bat’s control of sonar call features. As big brown bats tracked targets from a stationary position, we played acoustic jamming signals, simulating calls of another bat, timed to selectively perturb audiovocal feedback or echo feedback. We found that the bats exhibited the largest call-frequency adjustments when the jamming signals occurred during vocal production. By contrast, bats did not show sonar call-frequency adjustments when the jamming signals coincided with the arrival of target echoes. Furthermore, bats rapidly adapted sonar call design in the first vocalization following the jamming signal, revealing a response latency in the range of 66 to 94 ms. Thus, bats, like songbirds and humans, rely on audiovocal feedback to structure sonar signal design.

中文翻译:

蝙蝠的回声依靠声频反馈来适应声纳信号设计

许多种类的蝙蝠发出声音信号,并使用附近物体反射回波所携带的信息来导航和觅食。有大量文献记载,回声蝙蝠会根据回声反馈来调节声纳的特征。但是,尚不清楚语音反馈是否有助于声纳设计。声音反馈是指在通话过程中对自己的声音进行监控,并且已经在非选择动物中进行了深入研究。语音反馈不仅是语音学习的必要组成部分,而且还指导对发声的时空结构的控制。在这里,我们表明,语音回馈直接参与了回声定位蝙蝠对声纳呼叫特征的控制。当大棕蝙蝠从静止位置跟踪目标时,我们发出了声音干扰信号,模拟另一只蝙蝠的鸣叫,定时以选择性地扰动声音反馈或回声反馈。我们发现,在声音产生过程中出现干扰信号时,蝙蝠表现出最大的呼叫频率调节。相比之下,当干扰信号与目标回波的到来一致时,蝙蝠没有显示声纳呼叫频率的调整。此外,蝙蝠在干扰信号之后的第一次发声中迅速适应了声纳呼叫设计,从而揭示了66到94毫秒范围内的响应潜伏期。因此,蝙蝠,像鸣鸟和人类一样,依靠声音反馈来构建声纳信号设计。我们发现,在声音产生过程中出现干扰信号时,蝙蝠表现出最大的呼叫频率调节。相比之下,当干扰信号与目标回波的到来一致时,蝙蝠没有显示声纳呼叫频率的调整。此外,蝙蝠在干扰信号之后的第一次发声中迅速适应了声纳呼叫设计,从而揭示了66到94毫秒范围内的响应潜伏期。因此,蝙蝠,像鸣鸟和人类一样,依靠声音反馈来构建声纳信号设计。我们发现,在声音产生过程中出现干扰信号时,蝙蝠表现出最大的呼叫频率调节。相比之下,当干扰信号与目标回波的到来一致时,蝙蝠没有显示声纳呼叫频率的调整。此外,蝙蝠在干扰信号之后的第一次发声中迅速适应了声纳呼叫设计,从而揭示了66到94毫秒范围内的响应潜伏期。因此,蝙蝠,像鸣鸟和人类一样,依靠声音反馈来构建声纳信号设计。
更新日期:2017-09-26
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