Nucleic acids have attracted widespread attention due to the simplicity with which they can be designed to form discrete structures and programmed to perform specific functions at the nanoscale. The advantages of DNA/RNA nanotechnology offer numerous opportunities for in-cell and in-vivo applications, and the technology holds great promise to advance the growing field of synthetic biology. Many elegant examples have revealed the potential in integrating nucleic acid nanostructures in cells and in vivo where they can perform important physiological functions. In this Review, we summarize the current abilities of DNA/RNA nanotechnology to realize applications in live cells and then discuss the key problems that must be solved to fully exploit the useful properties of nanostructures. Finally, we provide viewpoints on how to integrate the tools provided by DNA/RNA nanotechnology and related new technologies to construct nucleic acid nanostructure-based molecular circuitry for synthetic biology.

中文翻译：

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用于可编程分子电路和细胞内生物计算的工程核酸结构

核酸由于其可以被设计成形成离散结构并被编程以在纳米级执行特定功能的简单性而引起了广泛的关注。DNA / RNA纳米技术的优势为细胞内和体内应用提供了许多机会，并且该技术具有巨大的前景，有望推动合成生物学不断发展的领域。许多优雅的例子揭示了在细胞和体内整合核酸纳米结构的潜力他们可以执行重要的生理功能。在这篇综述中，我们总结了DNA / RNA纳米技术在活细胞中实现应用的当前能力，然后讨论了要充分利用纳米结构的有用特性必须解决的关键问题。最后，我们就如何整合DNA / RNA纳米技术和相关新技术所提供的工具，为合成生物学构建基于核酸纳米结构的分子电路提供了观点。