During the past decade, nanotechnology has become one of the major forces driving basic and applied research. As a novel class of inorganic fluorochromes, research into quantum dots (QDs) has become one of the fastest growing fields of nanotechnology today. QDs are made of a semiconductor material with tunable physical dimensions as well as unique optoelectronic properties, and have attracted multidisciplinary research efforts to further their potential bioanalytical applications. Recently, numerous optical properties of QDs, such as narrow emission band peaks, broad absorption spectra, intense signals, and remarkable resistance to photobleaching, have made them biocompatible and sensitive for biological assays. In this review, we give an overview of these exciting materials and describe their potential, especially in biomolecules analysis, including fluorescence detection, chemiluminescence detection, bioluminescence detection, electrochemiluminescence detection, and electrochemical detection. Finally, conclusions are made, including highlighting some critical challenges remaining and a perspective of how this field can be expected to develop in the future.

中文翻译：

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量子点：从荧光到化学发光，生物发光，电化学发光和电化学

在过去的十年中，纳米技术已成为推动基础研究和应用研究的主要力量之一。作为一类新型的无机荧光染料，对量子点（QD）的研究已成为当今发展最快的纳米技术领域之一。量子点由具有可调节物理尺寸以及独特的光电特性的半导体材料制成，并吸引了多学科研究努力以进一步发展其潜在的生物分析应用。近来，量子点的许多光学特性，例如窄的发射带峰，宽的吸收光谱，强烈的信号以及对光漂白的显着抵抗力，使其具有生物相容性并对生物测定敏感。在这篇评论中，我们概述了这些令人兴奋的材料，并描述了它们的潜力，尤其是在生物分子分析中，包括荧光检测，化学发光检测，生物发光检测，电化学发光检测和电化学检测。最后，得出了一些结论，包括突出了一些尚待解决的关键挑战，以及对未来该领域有望如何发展的看法。