Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure.,Cell

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Reconstructing Prehistoric African Population Structure.
Cell ( IF 64.5 ) Pub Date : 2017-Sep-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.08.049
Pontus Skoglund ₁ , Jessica C Thompson ₂ , Mary E Prendergast ₃ , Alissa Mittnik ₄ , Kendra Sirak ₅ , Mateja Hajdinjak ₆ , Tasneem Salie ₇ , Nadin Rohland ₁ , Swapan Mallick ₈ , Alexander Peltzer ₉ , Anja Heinze ₆ , Iñigo Olalde ₁ , Matthew Ferry ₁₀ , Eadaoin Harney ₁₁ , Megan Michel ₁₀ , Kristin Stewardson ₁₀ , Jessica I Cerezo-Román ₁₂ , Chrissy Chiumia ₁₃ , Alison Crowther ₁₄ , Elizabeth Gomani-Chindebvu ₁₃ , Agness O Gidna ₁₅ , Katherine M Grillo ₁₆ , I Taneli Helenius ₁₇ , Garrett Hellenthal ₁₇ , Richard Helm ₁₈ , Mark Horton ₁₉ , Saioa López ₁₇ , Audax Z P Mabulla ₁₅ , John Parkington ₂₀ , Ceri Shipton ₂₁ , Mark G Thomas ₁₇ , Ruth Tibesasa ₂₂ , Menno Welling ₂₃ , Vanessa M Hayes ₂₄ , Douglas J Kennett ₂₅ , Raj Ramesar ₇ , Matthias Meyer ₆ , Svante Pääbo ₆ , Nick Patterson ₂₆ , Alan G Morris ₂₀ , Nicole Boivin ₂₇ , Ron Pinhasi ₂₈ , Johannes Krause ₄ , David Reich ₂₉

Affiliation

Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Institute for Archeological Sciences, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen 72070, Germany.
Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig 04103, Germany.
Division of Human Genetics, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; Integrative Transcriptomics, Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen 72076, Germany.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
Department of Geography and Anthropology, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
Malawi Department of Museums and Monuments, Lilongwe 3, Malawi.
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany; School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
National Museums of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse, La Crosse, WI 54601, USA.
Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Canterbury Archaeological Trust, Canterbury CT1 2LU, UK.
Department Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UU, UK.
Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK; British Institute in Eastern Africa, Nairobi 30710, Kenya.
Department of Anthropology and Archaeology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0083, South Africa.
African Studies Centre Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RB, Netherlands; African Heritage Ltd, Zomba, Malawi.
Genomics and Epigenetics Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Gezina 0031, South Africa.
Department of Anthropology and Institutes for Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena 07745, Germany.
School of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland; Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

We assembled genome-wide data from 16 prehistoric Africans. We show that the anciently divergent lineage that comprises the primary ancestry of the southern African San had a wider distribution in the past, contributing approximately two-thirds of the ancestry of Malawi hunter-gatherers ∼8,100-2,500 years ago and approximately one-third of the ancestry of Tanzanian hunter-gatherers ∼1,400 years ago. We document how the spread of farmers from western Africa involved complete replacement of local hunter-gatherers in some regions, and we track the spread of herders by showing that the population of a ∼3,100-year-old pastoralist from Tanzania contributed ancestry to people from northeastern to southern Africa, including a ∼1,200-year-old southern African pastoralist. The deepest diversifications of African lineages were complex, involving either repeated gene flow among geographically disparate groups or a lineage more deeply diverging than that of the San contributing more to some western African populations than to others. We finally leverage ancient genomes to document episodes of natural selection in southern African populations. PAPERCLIP.

中文翻译：

重建史前非洲人口结构。

我们收集了来自 16 名史前非洲人的全基因组数据。我们表明，构成南部非洲桑人主要血统的古老不同血统在过去分布范围更广，约占 8,100-2,500 年前马拉维狩猎采集者血统的三分之二和约三分之一。大约 1,400 年前坦桑尼亚狩猎采集者的祖先。我们记录了西非农民的传播如何涉及在某些地区完全取代当地的狩猎采集者，我们通过显示来自坦桑尼亚的 3,100 岁牧民的人口为来自从东北部到南部非洲，包括一名 1200 岁左右的南部非洲牧民。非洲血统最深层次的多样化是复杂的，涉及在地理上不同的群体之间重复的基因流动，或者比桑人更深刻地分歧的血统对一些西非人口的贡献比对其他人口的贡献更大。我们最终利用古代基因组来记录南部非洲人群的自然选择事件。回形针。

更新日期：2017-09-21

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