Abstract A facile and scalable method for deposition of nano metals in multi-layer graphene is developed. Nano Sn-graphene hybrid (Sn@Gr) is prepared for high performance anode in lithium ion battery, via the in-situ deposition of Sn nanoparticles in multi-layer graphene through pyrolysis of glucose and tin chloride in molten salts with addition of ammonium chloride. The synthesized Sn@Gr demonstrates a lithiation capability (1000 mAh g−1 of Sn@Gr) higher than the dual lithiation capacity from graphite and Sn. The in-situ formed Sn nanoparticles not only expand the interlayer space of the multi-layer graphene to increase the lithiation capacity of graphene but also bridge the graphene sheets to enhance the electrical conduction in longitudinal direction of graphene sheet, leading to the excellent rate performance. The mechanical toughness of the graphene coupled with the firm connection between nano-Sn and graphene sheet contributes the enhanced durability of the Sn@Gr anode. Both lithiation and delithiation capacities of 671 mAh g−1 remain even after 700 cycles at a current of 800 mA g−1. A stable rate capacity as high as 606 mAh g−1 has been achieved at a current of 1000 mA g−1.

中文翻译：

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在多层石墨烯中沉积纳米金属以用于锂离子电池高性能负极材料的可扩展合成策略

摘要 开发了一种在多层石墨烯中沉积纳米金属的简便且可扩展的方法。通过添加氯化铵在熔融盐中热解葡萄糖和氯化锡，在多层石墨烯中原位沉积 Sn 纳米颗粒，制备纳米 Sn-石墨烯杂化物 (Sn@Gr) 用于锂离子电池的高性能负极. 合成的 Sn@Gr 的锂化能力（Sn@Gr 的 1000 mAh g-1）高于石墨和 Sn 的双锂化能力。原位形成的Sn纳米颗粒不仅扩大了多层石墨烯的层间空间以增加石墨烯的锂化能力，而且还架起了石墨烯片以增强石墨烯片纵向的导电性，从而获得优异的倍率性能. 石墨烯的机械韧性以及纳米锡和石墨烯片之间的牢固连接有助于提高 Sn@Gr 阳极的耐用性。即使在 800 mA g-1 的电流下循环 700 次后，仍保持 671 mAh g-1 的锂化和脱锂容量。在 1000 mA g-1 的电流下实现了高达 606 mAh g-1 的稳定倍率容量。