Abstract Lithium metal has always been considered as a “Holy Grail” of anode materials for high-energy-density batteries owing to its extremely high theoretical gravimetric capacity of 3860 mAh g −1 and the lowest electrochemical potential of −3.04 V. Unfortunately, huge challenges including unlimited dendrite growth and complex interfacial reaction accompanied with relatively low Coulombic efficiency have extremely restricted its practical applications for decades. In this review, we discuss recently exciting achievements in modifying Li metal anodes, particularly regarding porous structure design, surface modification, heterogeneous seed strategy, potential substitutes including Li powder, and pre-lithiated composite. Although each improvement method has its own advantage, we believe appropriate combination of them will yield more promising results. Finally, we discuss core issues and potential opportunities of Li metal anode, expecting to shed new light on future research in this field.

中文翻译：

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液态可充电电池锂金属负极的最新进展

摘要 锂金属一直被认为是高能量密度电池负极材料的“圣杯”，因为它具有极高的理论重量容量 3860 mAh g -1 和最低的 -3.04 V 电化学电位。几十年来，无限的枝晶生长和复杂的界面反应以及相对较低的库仑效率等挑战极大地限制了其实际应用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最近在改性锂金属负极方面取得的令人振奋的成就，特别是在多孔结构设计、表面改性、异质种子策略、包括锂粉在内的潜在替代品和预锂化复合材料方面。虽然每种改进方法都有自己的优势，我们相信它们的适当组合会产生更有希望的结果。最后，我们讨论了锂金属负极的核心问题和潜在机会，希望为该领域的未来研究提供新的思路。