We present a computational study, based on time-dependent Density Functional theory, of the real-time interaction and trapping of Ar and Xe atoms in superfluid ⁴He nanodroplets either pure or hosting quantized vortex lines. We investigate the phase-space trajectories of the impurities for different initial conditions and describe in detail the complex dynamics of the droplets during the capture of the impurities. We show that the interaction of the incoming atom with the vortex core induces large bending and twisting excitations of the vortex core lines, including the generation of helical Kelvin waves propagating along the vortex core. We have also calculated the stationary configurations of a ⁴He droplet hosting a 6-vortex array whose cores are filled with Ar atoms. As observed in recent experiments, we find that doping adds substantial rigidity to the system, such that the doped vortex array remains stable, even at low values of the angular velocities where the undoped vortices would otherwise be pushed towards the droplet surface and be expelled.

中文翻译：

---

通过⁴ He纳米液滴中的定量涡旋捕获Xe和Ar原子

我们基于时变密度泛函理论，对纯或托管量化涡流线的超流体⁴ He纳米液滴中Ar和Xe原子的实时相互作用和俘获进行了计算研究。我们研究了不同初始条件下杂质的相空间轨迹，并详细描述了杂质捕获过程中液滴的复杂动力学。我们表明，入射原子与涡旋核的相互作用引起了涡旋核线的大的弯曲和扭曲激发，包括沿涡旋核传播的螺旋开尔文波的产生。我们还计算了⁴的静态配置他滴落了一个6涡旋阵列，其核心充满了Ar原子。如最近的实验中所观察到的，我们发现掺杂为系统增加了相当大的刚性，从而即使在角速度值较低的情况下，掺杂的涡流阵列仍保持稳定，否则未掺杂的涡流会被推向液滴表面并被排出。