The extensive use of nanomaterials in commercial products will lead to environmental contamination, which may cause serious health issues in the future. To date, limited scavengers have been available for the capture of these emerging nanopollutants from water. The aim of this work was to synthesize hybrid ternary co-polymer membrane-coated micrometer-sized carbon fiber aerogels (MCFAs) to remove emerging nanopollutants from water and to investigate the mechanisms involved. The MCFAs were fabricated by direct pyrolysis of cotton in an inert atmosphere. Post-modification with chitosan (CS) and dopamine–polyethylenimine (PEI) complex generated amine-coated MCFAs with porous textures, followed by protonation using diluted acid solution. The surface functional groups and morphologies of the ternary CS and dopamine–PEI co-coated MCFAs were systematically characterized. The as-obtained hybrid composite was successfully used for the removal of citrate-capped gold and silver nanoparticles from water. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, with maximal adsorption capacities of 31.2 mg g⁻¹ (Au NPs) and 41.8 mg g⁻¹ (Ag NPs) at ambient temperature. The highest adsorption capacities reached 30.2 mg g⁻¹ (Au NPs) and 34.9 mg g⁻¹ (Ag NPs) at the equilibrium concentrations; these were very close to the maximum adsorption capacities of the monolayers_. In addition, the adsorption of both nanoparticles on the as-prepared composite followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Therefore, this work may pave the way for enhancing the properties of MCFAs for removal of nanopollutants from medical and/or industrial wastewaters.

中文翻译：

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贻贝启发的杂化共聚物粘附到壳聚糖涂层的微尺寸碳纤维气凝胶上，可实现高效的纳米颗粒清除

纳米材料在商业产品中的广泛使用将导致环境污染，这可能在将来引起严重的健康问题。迄今为止，有限的清除剂可用于从水中捕获这些新兴的纳米污染物。这项工作的目的是合成混合三元共聚物膜涂层的微米级碳纤维气凝胶（MCFAs），以从水中去除新兴的纳米污染物，并研究其中的机理。MCFA是通过在惰性气氛下将棉花直接热解制备的。用壳聚糖（CS）和多巴胺-聚乙烯亚胺（PEI）络合物进行的后修饰产生具有多孔质地的胺涂层MCFA，然后使用稀酸溶液进行质子化。系统地表征了三元CS和多巴胺-PEI包覆的MCFA的表面官能团和形态。如此获得的杂化复合材料已成功用于从水中去除柠檬酸盐封端的金和银纳米颗粒。平衡数据非常适合Langmuir等温模型，最大吸附容量为31.2 mg g在室温下为^-1（Au NPs）和41.8 mg g ^-1（Ag NPs）。在平衡浓度下，最高吸附容量达到30.2 mg g ^-1（Au NPs）和34.9 mg g ^-1（Ag NPs）。这些非常接近单层的最大吸附能力_。此外，两种纳米颗粒在制备的复合材料上的吸附均遵循拟二级动力学模型。因此，这项工作可能为增强MCFAs的性能铺平道路，以便从医疗和/或工业废水中去除纳米污染物。