Widespread use of insecticides for the control of urban pests such as ants, termites, and spiders has resulted in contamination and toxicity in urban aquatic ecosystems in different regions of the world. Passive samplers are a convenient and integrative tool for in situ monitoring of trace contaminants in surface water. However, the performance of a passive sampler depends closely on its affinity for the target analytes, making passive samplers highly specific to the types of contaminants being monitored. The goal of this study was to develop a passive sampler compatible with a wide range of insecticides, including the strongly hydrophobic pyrethroids and the weakly hydrophobic fipronil and organophosphates. Of six candidate polymeric thin films, polyurethane film (PU) was identified to be the best at enriching the test compounds. The inclusion of stable isotope labeled analogs as performance reference compounds (PRCs) further allowed the use of PU film for pyrethroids under non-equilibrium conditions. The PU sampler was tested in a large aquarium with circulatory water flow, and also deployed at multiple sites in surface streams in southern California. The concentrations of pesticides derived from the PU sampler ranged from 0.5 to 18.5 ng/L, which were generally lower than the total chemical concentration measured by grab samples, suggesting that suspended particles and dissolved organic matter in water rendered them less available. The influence of suspended particles and dissolved organic matter on bioavailability was more pronounced for pyrethroids than for fipronils. The results show that the developed PU film sampler, when coupled with PRCs, may be used for rapid and sensitive in-situ monitoring of a wide range of insecticides in surface water.

广泛使用杀虫剂来控制城市有害生物，如蚂蚁，白蚁和蜘蛛，已导致世界不同地区的城市水生生态系统受到污染和产生毒性。无源采样器是一种方便且集成的原位工具监测地表水中的痕量污染物。但是，无源采样器的性能密切取决于其对目标分析物的亲和力，这使得无源采样器对所监测污染物的类型具有高度特异性。这项研究的目的是开发一种与多种杀虫剂兼容的无源采样器，包括强疏水性拟除虫菊酯，弱疏水性氟虫腈和有机磷酸盐。在六种候选聚合物薄膜中，聚氨酯薄膜（PU）被认为是最富集测试化合物的薄膜。包含稳定同位素标记的类似物作为性能参考化合物（PRC），进一步允许在非平衡条件下将PU膜用于拟除虫菊酯。PU采样器是在大型鱼缸中进行循环水流量测试的，并且还部署在加利福尼亚南部地表流的多个地点。来自PU采样器的农药浓度范围为0.5到18.5 ng / L，通常低于抓取样品测得的总化学浓度，这表明水中的悬浮颗粒和溶解的有机物使得它们的可获得性降低。拟除虫菊酯比氟虫腈的悬浮颗粒和溶解的有机物对生物利用度的影响更为明显。结果表明，开发的PU膜采样器与PRCS结合使用时，可用于快速，灵敏的检测。这表明悬浮颗粒和水中溶解的有机物使它们的可用性降低。拟除虫菊酯比氟虫腈的悬浮颗粒和溶解的有机物对生物利用度的影响更为明显。结果表明，开发的PU膜采样器与PRCS结合使用时，可用于快速，灵敏的检测。这表明悬浮颗粒和水中溶解的有机物使它们的可用性降低。拟除虫菊酯比氟虫腈的悬浮颗粒和溶解的有机物对生物利用度的影响更为明显。结果表明，开发的PU膜采样器与PRCS结合使用时，可用于快速，灵敏的检测。原位监测地表水中的各种杀虫剂。