Densification behavior, mechanical and thermal properties of ZrC_1 − x ceramics with various C/Zr ratios of 0.6–1.0 have been investigated by two-step reactive hot pressing of ZrC and ZrH₂ powders at 30 MPa and 1500–2100 °C. The two-step reactive hot pressed ZrC_1 − x ceramic has a higher relative density (> 95.3%) than that (91.9%) of stoichiometric ZrC sintered at 2100 °C. A cubic Zr₂C-type ordered phase forms in the ZrC_1 − x sample obtained at a ZrC/ZrH₂ molar ratio of 0.6 at a relatively low temperature of 1100 °C. The decrease in C/Zr ratio is beneficial to densification of ZrC_1 − x ceramic, however, excess grain growth occurs after sintering above densification temperature. The elastic modulus and Vickers hardness decrease with decreasing the C/Zr ratio. With decreasing the C/Zr ratio, both thermal conductivity and specific heat decrease due to the enhanced scattering of conducting phonons and electrons by carbon vacancies.

通过在30 MPa和1500-2100°C下对ZrC和ZrH ₂粉末进行两步反应热压，研究了各种C / Zr比为0.6-1.0的ZrC _{1-  x}陶瓷的致密化行为，力学性能和热性能。两步反应热压ZrC _{1-  x}陶瓷的相对密度（> 95.3％）比在2100°C下烧结的化学计量ZrC的相对密度（91.9％）高。在1100的较低温度下以0.6的ZrC / ZrH ₂摩尔比获得的ZrC _{1-  x}样品中形成立方Zr ₂ C型有序相。C / Zr比的降低有利于ZrC _{1-  x的}致密化陶瓷，但是，在高于致密化温度的温度下烧结后，会出现过量的晶粒生长。弹性模量和维氏硬度随着C / Zr比的降低而降低。随着C / Zr比的减小，由于碳空位使导电声子和电子的散射增强，导热系数和比热均降低。