Studies in recent years have uncovered a diverse set of eukaryotic receptors that recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. Indeed, Toll-like receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, integrins, receptor-like kinases, and caspases have emerged as important LPS-interacting proteins. In this review, the mammalian receptors that detect LPS are described. I highlight how no host protein is involved in all LPS responses, but a single lipid (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) regulates many LPS responses, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis. I further describe LPS response systems that operate specifically in plants, and discuss potentially new LPS response systems that await discovery. This diversity of receptors for a single microbial product underscores the importance of host–microbe interactions in multiple kingdoms of life.

中文翻译：

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生命王国中的脂多糖检测

近年来的研究发现了多种多样的真核受体，它们可以识别脂多糖（LPS），脂多糖是革兰氏阴性细菌的主要外膜成分。实际上，Toll样受体，G蛋白偶联受体，整联蛋白，受体样激酶和胱天蛋白酶已经作为重要的LPS相互作用蛋白出现了。在这篇综述中，描述了检测LPS的哺乳动物受体。我着重强调了在所有LPS反应中如何不包含宿主蛋白，但是单个脂质（磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-双磷酸酯）调节许多LPS反应，包括内吞，吞噬作用，炎症和烧伤。我进一步描述了专门在工厂中运行的LPS响应系统，并讨论了可能等待发现的新的LPS响应系统。