Antibody responses are essential for protection against influenza virus infection. Humans are exposed to a multitude of influenza viruses throughout their lifetime and it is clear that immune history influences the magnitude and quality of the antibody response. The ‘original antigenic sin’ concept refers to the impact of the first influenza virus variant encounter on lifelong immunity. Although this model has been challenged since its discovery, past exposure, and likely one’s first exposure, clearly affects the epitopes targeted in subsequent responses. Understanding how previous exposure to influenza virus shapes antibody responses to vaccination and infection is critical, especially with the prospect of future pandemics and for the effective development of a universal influenza vaccine.

中文翻译：

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从原始的抗原罪到通用的流感病毒疫苗

抗体应答对于预防流感病毒感染至关重要。人类一生中都暴露于多种流感病毒中，很明显，免疫史会影响抗体反应的强度和质量。“原始抗原罪”的概念是指第一个流感病毒变异体遇到的对终身免疫的影响。尽管此模型自发现以来就一直受到挑战，但过去的暴露以及可能是一个人的首次暴露显然会影响后续反应中靶向的表位。了解先前暴露于流感病毒的方式如何塑造抗体对疫苗接种和感染的反应至关重要，尤其是在未来可能爆发大流行并有效开发通用流感疫苗的情况下。